Abstract
Adjuvant arthritis is an animal model that closely resembles rheumatoid arthritis in humans. It is a successful working model used to study new anti-inflammatory agents. In previous studies (animal and clinical) we have shown that evening primrose oil, fish oil and the methanol extract of date fruits and fenugreek seeds have anti-inflammatory activity and that the methanol extract of dates has an antioxidant effect. Based on these studies, the aim of the present study was to prepare 7 functional foods containing such bioactive fractions separately or in combination and to evaluate them in adjuvant arthritis in rats, study the stability of bioactive ingredients and evaluate their sensory properties. The studied biochemical parameters were erythrocyte sedimentation rate, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and plasma copper, zinc and interlukin 2. Nutritional parameters, including body weight gain, food intake and food efficiency ratio were monitored during the feeding of the functional foods. The bioactive ingredients assessed were total phenolic contents and fatty acids. The results showed improvement in the biochemical parameters, body weight gain and food efficiency ratio of arthritic rats fed on the functional foods with different degrees. All the prepared functional foods were sensory accepted. The active ingredients showed stability during storage. In conclusion, all the tested functional foods showed promising antiinflammatory activity and were determined to be acceptable through sensory evaluation which means that their potential beneficial use as dietary supplements in rheumatoid arthritis patients may be recommended.
Highlights
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic chronic inflammatory disease characterized by symmetric, erosive and chronic synovitis, especially of the minor joints where patients suffer pain and stiffness. (Brenol et al, 2007)
Elevated oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis, due to impaired antioxidant systems caused by reactive oxygen species, might have an essential role in the etiology of the disease (Kalpakcioglu and Senel, 2008)
In a previous study we have proved that the methanol extract of dates has antioxidant activity in-vitro (Mohamed and Al-Okbi, 2005) and antiinflammatory and antioxidant activity in rats with adjuvant arthritis (Mohamed and Al-Okbi, 2004)
Summary
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic chronic inflammatory disease characterized by symmetric, erosive and chronic synovitis, especially of the minor joints where patients suffer pain and stiffness. (Brenol et al, 2007). (Brenol et al, 2007). Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic chronic inflammatory disease characterized by symmetric, erosive and chronic synovitis, especially of the minor joints where patients suffer pain and stiffness. It affects about 1% of the world population. Elevated oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis, due to impaired antioxidant systems caused by reactive oxygen species, might have an essential role in the etiology of the disease (Kalpakcioglu and Senel, 2008). Reactive oxygen species have been implicated as mediators of tissue damage in patients (Winyard et al, 2011). We have shown that the methanol extract of fenugreek has anti-inflammatory activity
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