Abstract
In order to prepare antibacterial and radio-opaque dental resin, a methacrylate monomer named 2-Dimethyl-2-dodecyl-1-methacryloxyethyl ammonium iodine (DDMAI) with both antibacterial and radio-opaque activities was added into a 2,2-bis[4-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloyloxypropyl)-phenyl]propane (Bis-GMA)/methyl methacrylate (MMA) dental resin system. Degree of conversion (DC), flexural strength (FS) and modulus (FM), water sorption (WS) and solubility (WSL), antibacterial activity, and radio-opacity (ROX) of the obtained dental resin system were investigated. Bis-GMA/MMA resin system without DDMAI was used as a control. The results showed that DDMAI could endow BIS-GMA/MMA resin system with good antibacterial (p < 0.05) and radio-opaque function without influencing the DC (p > 0.05). However, incorporating DDMAI into Bis-GMA/MMA resin could reduce mechanical properties (p < 0.05) and increase WS and WSL (p < 0.05), thus further work is needed in order to optimize the resin formulation.
Highlights
Since the 1990s, there has been a growing interest in improving properties of dental materials used in restorative dentistry, and many of them are concerned with improving mechanical properties [1,2,3,4], decreasing water sorption and solubility [5,6,7,8], reducing polymerization shrinkage [7,8,9,10,11], and increasing monomer conversion [12,13,14]
Two different mechanisms could be used to explain the biofilm inhibitory effect observed in this study on the dodecyl-1-methacryloxyethyl ammonium iodine (DDMAI)-containing polymers: (I) the release of unreacted DDMAI from the polymer, which can devitalize planktonic S. mutans, reducing the number of bacteria available for adherence [57,58,59]; and (II) DDMAI immobilized in the polymer network, killing the bacteria which attach to the surface of the polymer
DDMAI was added into Bis-GMA/methyl methacrylate (MMA) (80/20, wt/wt) resin system with mass ratios of 15 wt%, 20 wt%, and 25 wt%, CQ (0.7 wt%) and dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) (0.7 wt%) were mixed as a photoinitiator system
Summary
Since the 1990s, there has been a growing interest in improving properties of dental materials used in restorative dentistry, and many of them are concerned with improving mechanical properties [1,2,3,4], decreasing water sorption and solubility [5,6,7,8], reducing polymerization shrinkage [7,8,9,10,11], and increasing monomer conversion [12,13,14]. Dental restorative materials require some other properties, such as antibacterial activity and radio-opacity. In order to achieve long-term antibacterial effectiveness, Imazato and his coworkers introduced a concept of the “immobilized bactericide” into dentistry According to their innovative idea, a quaternary ammonium-containing polymerizable antibacterial monomer methacryloyloxydodecyl-pridinium bromide (MDPB) was synthesized and used in dental restorative materials as antibacterial agents [25]. Studies showed that MDPB containing dental restorative materials had the advantages of long-lasting antibacterial activity and uncompromised mechanical strength under appropriate concentrations [25,26,27,28], when compared with agent-releasing antibacterial materials. Quaternary ammonium methacrylate monomer (QAM) with iodine anion does endow methacrylate-based dental resin with antibacterial activity, and with radio-opacity. The degree of monomer conversion, water sorption and solubility, and mechanical properties were examined, in addition to an evaluation of the DDMAI-containing polymers
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