Abstract
As a powerful antioxidant compound, crocin can partially protect against renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injuries. The encapsulation of components in niosomes (non-ionic surfactant-based vesicle) as nano-sized carrier systems has been proposed as they improve the solubility, stability, and bioavailability of drugs. Herein, the encapsulation of crocin in nano-niosomes and the effects of crocin-loaded nano-niosomes on renal ischemia/reperfusion-induced damages were evaluated. Nano-niosomes containing crocin were formulated by a modified heating method and were characterized for their physicochemical characteristics. Ischemia was induced by clamping the renal artery for 30 min followed by 1 or 24 h of reperfusion. Rats received an intra-arterial injection of nano-niosome-loaded crocin at the outset of reperfusion. Blood samples were taken after reperfusion to measure urea, creatinine (Cr), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The right kidney was removed for histological examination. The results showed that crocin-contain nano-niosomes have appropriate size and morphology, acceptable encapsulation efficiency, and a proper release pattern of crocin. I/R enhanced creatinine (Cr), urea, and malondialdehyde (MDA) serum levels and reduced SOD activity and histological damages in the renal tissue.
Highlights
As a powerful antioxidant compound, crocin can partially protect against renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injuries
Numerous studies have demonstrated that renal I/R injury is the main cause of acute kidney injury (AKI)[3]
As shown in the Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image, the dense areas can be related to crocin drugs trapped in nano-niosome structures
Summary
As a powerful antioxidant compound, crocin can partially protect against renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injuries. The encapsulation of components in niosomes (non-ionic surfactant-based vesicle) as nano-sized carrier systems has been proposed as they improve the solubility, stability, and bioavailability of drugs. I/R enhanced creatinine (Cr), urea, and malondialdehyde (MDA) serum levels and reduced SOD activity and histological damages in the renal tissue. The oral administration of crocin enhances SOD and total antioxidant capacity of the kidneys and reduces the level of MDA serum in m ice[23]. It decreased blood urea, creatinine, urinary glucose, and protein concentrations. The present study was conducted to formulate crocin-containing nano-niosomes and evaluate their possible protective effects on ischemia–reperfusion-induced damage on kidneys
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