Abstract
Objective: The present study focuses on the development and optimization of copper nanoparticles (CNPs) loaded hydrogel for the treatment of dermal burn injuries.
 Methods: CNPs gel was prepared by dispersing the variable concentration of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K30) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) in distilled water, PEG 400, and copper nanoparticles. factor screening study was performed for identification of influential factors, followed by optimization study using three-factor Box-Behnken design.
 Results: Optimized nanogel formulation, when compared to normal control (NC), shows a significant reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 = 39.74 % and TNF-α =49.37%) and increased level of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 = 30.90%), indicating reduced inflammation. Further, the wound closure rate of CNPs gel shows significant (12.27 %) wound closure as compared to the NC group and complete wound closure (100 %) on the 14th day, indicating accelerated wound healing.
 Conclusion: the present investigation endorses accelerated scar-free, accelerated wound healing potential of copper nanoparticles gel with anti-inflammatory potential.
Highlights
A burn is an injury to organic tissue or skin primarily due to heat, chemicals, friction, electricity, or radioactivity
Copper nanoparticles were prepared in the previous publication [8], hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), PVP K30, and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG-400) were purchased from a central drug house, New Delhi, India
The hydrogel was prepared by dispersing PVP K30 and HPMC into distilled water followed by continuous stirring for 1 h. and allowed
Summary
A burn is an injury to organic tissue or skin primarily due to heat, chemicals, friction, electricity, or radioactivity. The inflammatory phase is the initial phase which consists of vascular response consisting of extravasation of plasma fluids, which requires fluid replacement, followed by the cellular response in which neutrophils and monocytes migrate to the site of injury. Later the level of neutrophils decreases and is replaced by macrophages, followed by the release of chemotactic factors like kallikreins and fibrin by the coagulation process [2]. Remodeling phase, in partial-thickness burns proliferation phases, starts by reepithelization, in the form of keratinocyte migration from skin appendages with few hours of injury, which usually requires 5-7 d for complete wound coverage, followed by the formation of basement membrane zone between dermis and epidermis [3]. The extracellular matrix converts into mayo fibroblast phenotype, resulting in scar tissue contraction [4]
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