Preparation and Elastic Moduli of Germanate Glass Containing Lead and Bismuth

Hj A A Sidek,Mohamed K Halimah,Wan M M Yunus,Hamid R Bahari

doi:10.3390/ijms13044632

Hj A A Sidek, Mohamed K Halimah + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms13044632

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Abstract

This paper reports the rapid melt quenching technique preparation for the new family of bismuth-lead germanate glass (BPG) systems in the form of (GeO2)60–(PbO)40−x–(½Bi2O3)x where x = 0 to 40 mol%. Their densities with respect of Bi2O3 concentration were determined using Archimedes’ method with acetone as a floatation medium. The current experimental data are compared with those of bismuth lead borate (B2O3)20–(PbO)80−x–(Bi2O3)x. The elastic properties of BPG were studied using the ultrasonic pulse-echo technique where both longitudinal and transverse sound wave velocities have been measured in each glass samples at a frequency of 15 MHz and at room temperature. Experimental data shows that all the physical parameters of BPG including density and molar volume, both longitudinal and transverse velocities increase linearly with increasing of Bi2O3 content in the germanate glass network. Their elastic moduli such as longitudinal, shear and Young’s also increase linearly with addition of Bi2O3 but the bulk modulus did not. The Poisson’s ratio and fractal dimensionality are also found to vary linearly with the Bi2O3 concentration.

Highlights

Bismuth germanate-based glasses doped with rare-earth oxides gain much attention from researchers due to their potential applications in non-linear optics devices such as optical communication fibers, solid-state lasers, light converters, waveguide, sensors and scintillation detector in positron camera [1,2,3]
The photoelastic constants of germanate glasses containing lead and bismuth oxides were studied by Rabukhin [7,8] where he suggested that the photoelastic and elastooptic data could be used for the light and acoustic lines of acoustooptical devices
For the measurements of ultrasonic velocity in bismuth lead germanate (BPG) glass samples, the samples were shaped into a circular disc of 12 mm diameter and 10–12 mm thickness

Summary

Introduction

Bismuth germanate-based glasses doped with rare-earth oxides gain much attention from researchers due to their potential applications in non-linear optics devices such as optical communication fibers, solid-state lasers, light converters, waveguide, sensors and scintillation detector in positron camera [1,2,3]. Recent studies by Rabukhin and Belousova [6] found that the coordination numbers of cation present in the composition study range does not significantly affect the structural grouping character of the bismuth–containing gallate glasses They noticed that the elastic constants of bismuth-containing borate and germinate are strongly dependent on the change of coordination number of B3+ and Ge4+. The photoelastic constants of germanate glasses containing lead and bismuth oxides were studied by Rabukhin [7,8] where he suggested that the photoelastic and elastooptic data could be used for the light and acoustic lines of acoustooptical devices. Hamezan et al [10] studied the elastic constants and thermal properties of lead bismuth borate glasses They found the density and molar volume of such glasses increase with glass modifier content which attributed to the replacement of Bi2O3 and PbO; both have larger density and molar volume than. The present work reports the preparation and ultrasonic characterization of bismuth-lead germanate (BPG) glass systems

Results and Discussion

Experimental

Conclusions