Preparation and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticle, its migration, and toxicity evaluation

Abstract

ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are nanoscale representatives of ZnO, which is an approved food additive. ZnO-NPs are used as fillers for food packaging, however, the migration of ZnO-NPs from film to food is a real concern. The current study was oriented toward the migration of ZnO-NPs from packaging material into food. ZnO-NPs were synthesized in the lab with or without capping material and characterized using SEM and TEM, FTIR, and XRD to study morphology, functional group, and size of the nanoparticle, respectively. Rod-shaped and flake-shaped ZnO-NPs were formed depending upon precursor. Bio-nanocomposite films were prepared by incorporating these ZnO-NPs into the gelatin matrix. The migration study was conducted using AAS considering variations in time, temperature, and composition. It was found that migration level increased with increasing concentration of ZnO-NPs, temperature, and time. Concentration had the highest significance as compared to the other two parameters. Toxicity was also evaluated and it was found to be safe for human consumption. Novelty impact statement Quantification of migrated nanoparticles was done, with the variation in time, and temperature of storage along with the concentration of nanoparticles. A migration study was conducted from bio-nanocomposite packaging film to the food instead of food simulants/buffer solutions. Toxicity evaluation of migrated nanoparticles was investigated.