Abstract
This study reports the preparation of a polybutylene succinate (PBS) film reinforced with pure cellulose nanofibril (PCNF) and lignocellulose nanofibril (LCNF) by a two-step process that consists of solvent dispersion and twin-screw extrusion. Compared to the conventional one-step process, this method offered improved mechanical properties. The addition of 5% CNF increased the tensile properties up to 18.8%. Further, the effect of the lignin content was also studied by using LCNF as a reinforcement. The LCNF was prepared with and without a deep eutectic solvent (DES) pretreatment to gain LCNF with a lignin content that varied between 5, 19, and 30%. The mechanical properties results show that a 5% addition of LCNF to the PBS matrix increased its tensile strength and elastic modulus. Further, the morphological and thermal properties of the composites were also studied in detail.
Highlights
Polybutylene succinate (PBS) is a biodegradable plastic material that has seen increased interest as an alternative to conventional plastic materials
PBS is a semi-crystalline polymer with high processability and biodegradability, and it has a higher chemical resistance compared to other biodegradable plastics [1,2,3,4]
Based on its chemical composition, Cellulose nanofibril (CNF) can be classified into pure cellulose nanofibril (PCNF), lignocellulose nanofibril (LCNF), and holocellulose nanofibril (HCNF) [13]
Summary
Polybutylene succinate (PBS) is a biodegradable plastic material that has seen increased interest as an alternative to conventional plastic materials. Compared to synthetic plastics, PBS application is still limited due to its inadequate mechanical properties. The preparation of CNF through direct mechanical defibrillation is difficult due to the presence of lignin and hemicellulose in the lignocellulose fibers. PCNF is a material that is suitable as a reinforcement for biodegradable polymers due to its biodegradability, biocompatibility, and good mechanical properties. LCNF with different lignin contents were prepared through DES pretreatment and mechanical defibrillation. Coupling agents were used to improve the interfacial adhesion between PCNF or LCNF and PBS. PBS/PCNF and PBS/LCNF composites were prepared using a two-step process consisting of solvent dispersion and twin-screw extrusion. The effects of the lignin content, coupling agent, and two-step process preparation on the composite properties were investigated
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