Abstract
Pd supported on 5-carboxyoxindole functionalized cell@Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Pd@CAI@cell@Fe3O4), a new magnetic nanocatalyst, was prepared and characterized using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy techniques. The synthesized nanocatalyst (Pd@CAI@cell@Fe3O4) was employed for Heck-type arylation of different substituted maleimides with iodoarenes in good to excellent yields. This green catalyst was easily recovered and reused several times with no substantial loss of activity, providing a clean and efficient synthetic procedure with excellent yield and reduced time.
Highlights
Nanocatalysis has emerged as a eld at the interface between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis and suggests exceptional solutions to the various industries for catalyst enhancement.[1,2] In the meantime, heterogeneous catalysis is one of the oldest commercial implementations of nanoscience, and nanoparticles of metals, semiconductors, oxides, and other compounds have been extensively used for signi cant chemical reactions
Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was carried out using a FT-IR spectrometer (Vector 22, Bruker) in the range of 400–4000 cmÀ1 at room temperature
The elemental analysis spectrum of the catalyst was assessed by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy (VEGA3 XUM/TESCAN)
Summary
Nanocatalysis has emerged as a eld at the interface between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis and suggests exceptional solutions to the various industries for catalyst enhancement.[1,2] In the meantime, heterogeneous catalysis is one of the oldest commercial implementations of nanoscience, and nanoparticles of metals, semiconductors, oxides, and other compounds have been extensively used for signi cant chemical reactions. Nanocellulose is the most noteworthy and abundant biopolymer, and it is obtained from plants, bacteria and algae; its known properties include hydrophobicity, biodegradability, economy, biocompatibility, and wide chemical-functionalization capacity.[6] These abilities of cellulose make it an interesting support, and its application as an efficient support for the catalytic processes in the synthesis of many organic compounds has been studied.[6] supported nanocellulose is emerging as an attractive protocol to stabilize some transition metal complexes.[6,7,8,9,10,11,12] In recent times, nanocellulose supporting palladium, platinum, zirconium, copper and nickel nanoparticles have been studied and reported.[13,14,15,16]. This nanocatalyst was employed for the Heck-type arylation of maleimides with iodoarenes (Scheme 1)
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