Abstract
In this work, five substituted perovskite such as (Gd0.9Sr0.1) Mn0.8Co0.2O3, Tb0.8Sr0.2FeO3, Gd0.6Sr0.4RuO3, SrCe0.95Y0.05O3, and Mn0.6Co0.4SnO3 were synthesized by tartrate and hydroxide precursor method. The resulting samples were characterized by inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscope (TEM), selected field of electron diffraction (SAED), d.c. electrical conductivity, Hall effect, dielectric measurements, and low-temperature magnetization measurements. The X-ray diffraction pattern for all compounds was indicated the formation of single-phase perovskite with orthorhombic structure except Tb0.8Sr0.2FeO3 and Mn0.6Co0.4SnO3 perovskite. These compounds showed a cubic and rhombohedral structure, respectively. The lattice parameter and the unit cell volume slightly decreased as ionic radii decrease in agreement with the lanthanide contraction. The average size of cation ˂ RA ˃, mismatch factor (σ2), and tolerance factor (t) gives the combined effects of disorder and inhomogeneity in these compounds. The average particle size determined from TEM was in the range of 22 to 77 nm for all compounds. The temperature dependence of electrical conductivity for all compounds showed a definite break in 500 K to 610 K. except the Gd0.6Sr0.4RuO3 compound, which corresponds to semiconducting behavior. While the Gd0.6Sr0.4RuO3 sample shows a metallic-like semiconductor. The thermoelectric power and Hall effect measurements for all compounds were n-type semiconductivity except the SrCe0.95Y0.05O3 compound. It showed p-type semiconductivity. The frequency dependence of the dielectric constant and dielectric loss in these substituted perovskites were discussed using the Maxwell-Wagner model. Magnetic studies showed that the thermo-magnetic irreversibility for all compounds.
Highlights
Perovskites with an ABO3 structure have shown great promise in a wide range of applications, including sensors [1,2,3], solid oxide fuel cells [4,5], ceramic membrane technologies [6, 7], and catalysis [8, 9].In traditional ABO3 Perovskites, the A-site is normally filled by lanthanides, alkali metals, or alkaline earth metals, while the B-site elements are typically first or second-row transition metals [10,11,12]
The incidence of charge ordering state is fully suppressed for 0.03 ≤ y ≤ 0.05, and an insulator-metal transition exists in the temperature range from 80 to 60 K [18]
The basic study of tartrate precursors was performed in percent wt for Gadolinium
Summary
Perovskites with an ABO3 structure have shown great promise in a wide range of applications, including sensors [1,2,3], solid oxide fuel cells [4,5], ceramic membrane technologies [6, 7], and catalysis [8, 9]. RFeO3 (R = rare earth) has recently become part of the perovskite oxide family with an orthorhombic cell unit They are insulators with a good anti-ferromagnetic coupling between ions of Fe3+. Fe4+ ions in SrFeO3 are normally thought to be in high spin 3d4 condition with three localized electrons in the t2g band, while the fourth electron is delocalized in a broad σ* band [21,22] Ruthenate perovskites such as SrRuO3, CaRuO3, and LaRuO3 have a low resistivity metallic property at room temperature [23], while PrRuO3 has a semiconducting property [24]. It was found that the conduction differs from ionic-electronic to electronic form for Sr (Sn1-xFex)O3-δ solid solution, with an increasing Fe to Sn ratio These solid solutions have a cubic structure within the concentration range of 0.4 < x < 0.9. A new series of substituted perovskite materials are synthesized in this paper with the formula Gd0.9Sr0.1Mn0.8Co0.2O3, Tb0.8Sr0.2FeO3, Gd0.6Sr0.4RuO3, SrCe0.95Y0.05O3, and Mn0.6Co0.4SnO3, and the effect of the substitution, on the structure, electrical and magnetic properties of these perovskites are studied
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