Abstract
Iron is one of the trace elements required by human body, and its deficiency can lead to abnormal bone metabolism. In this study, the effect of iron ions on the properties of tricalcium silicate bone cement (Fe/C3Ss) was investigated. It effectively solved the problems of high pH value and low biological activity of calcium silicate bone cement. The mechanical properties, in vitro mineralization ability and biocompatibility of the materials were systematically characterized. The results indicate that tricalcium silicate bone cement containing 5 mol% iron displayed good self-setting ability, mechanical properties and biodegradation performance in vitro. Compared with pure calcium silicate bone cement (C3Ss), Fe/C3Ss showed lower pH value (8.80) and higher porosity (45%), which was suitable for subsequent cell growth. Immersion test in vitro also confirmed its good ability to induce hydroxyapatite formation. Furthermore, cell culture experiments performed with Fe/C3Ss ion extracts clearly stated that the material had excellent cell proliferation abilities compared to C3Ss and low toxicity. The findings reveal that iron-doped tricalcium silicate bone cement is a promising bioactive material in bone repair applications.
Highlights
Bone tissue defects and injuries are common diseases in clinic
Setting time is an important indicator of bone cement, which provides sufficient operation time for clinical surgery, and produces curing effect in a short time
The iron-containing tricalcium silicate bone cement material was successfully prepared by sol–gel method
Summary
Bone tissue defects and injuries are common diseases in clinic. Usually caused by aging, trauma and other reasons, do not have the ability to complete self-repair, which usually seriously affects people’s normal life [1,2]. De Grado et al and Winkler et al reviewed the existing shortcomings, clinical applications and future prospects of various bone repair materials for treating bone defects [3,4]. Among many methods to treat bone defects, traditional bone repair techniques are still used in clinic, such as autogenous bone, allogeneic bone, metal materials, etc. Due to the inherent shortcomings of these materials, traditional bone repair techniques are limited in curing bone defect diseases [6]
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