Preparation and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite Nanopowder from Natural Buffalo Bone

Abstract

The preparation of hydroxyapatite nanopowders in this experiment demonstrated a novel method for milling of animal bone powder to nanoparticle size prior to calcination. The buffalo bone was deproteinized by hot water before it was dried at 200°C for 24 h. The resulting product was crushed into small pieces and milled in a ball mill pot for 24 h. After that, the bone powders were ground by a high speed vibro-milling method with various milling times. Characteristics of the powders were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS). The experimental results of SEM showed that the shape of the buffalo bone particles was regular with the particle size less than 100 nm from using high speed vibro-milling time of 2 h. The buffalo bone nanopowder were calcined at various temperatures. XRD and SEM results showed that material obtained is a HA according to JCPDS file-9432 pattern in a 1.66 Ca/P molar ratio at calcination temperature of 600°C. The average diameter of powder less than 100 nm.