Abstract
This study details the preparation of Fe-Mn binary oxide/mulberry stem biochar composite adsorbent (FM-MBC) from mulberry stems via the multiple activation by potassium permanganate, ferrous chloride, triethylenetetramine, and epichlorohydrin. The characteristics of FM-MBC had been characterized by SEM-EDS, BET, FT-IR, XRD, and XPS, and static adsorption batch experiments such as pH, adsorption time, were carried out to study the mechanism of Cr(VI) adsorption on FM-MBC and the impact factors. The results indicated that in contrast with the mulberry stem biochar (MBC), the FM-MBC has more porous on surface with a BET surface area of 74.73 m2/g, and the surface loaded with α-Fe2O3 and amorphization of MnO2 particles. Besides, carboxylic acid, hydroxyl, and carbonyls functional groups were also formed on the FM-MBC surface. At the optimal pH 2.0, the maximum adsorption capacity for Cr(VI) was calculated from the Langmuir model of 28.31, 31.02, and 37.14 mg/g at 25, 35, and 45 °C, respectively. The aromatic groups, carboxyls, and the hydroxyl groups were the mainly functional groups in the adsorption of Cr(VI). The mechanism of the adsorption process of FM-MBC for Cr(VI) mainly involves electrostatic interaction, surface adsorption of Cr(VI) on FM-MBC, and ion exchange.
Highlights
With the rapid development of industrialization, chromium-containing compounds has been extensively used in industrial production, such as tanning, electroplating, dyeing, and coloring pigments [1,2]
Oxygen element accounting in mulberry stem biochar (MBC) increased from 8.94% to 28.31% in Fe-Mn binary oxide/mulberry stem biochar composite adsorbent (FM-MBC); maybe some surface oxygen functional groups were formed on the FM-MBC surface [18]
FM-MBC had a microporous structure with a BET surface area of 74.73 m /g, and the point of zero had a microporous structure with a BET
Summary
With the rapid development of industrialization, chromium-containing compounds has been extensively used in industrial production, such as tanning, electroplating, dyeing, and coloring pigments [1,2]. China is one of the primary chromium producing countries. There are about 25 firms manufacturing chromium salts, and the chromium salts of these firms could reach 329,000 tons every year [3]. Chromium principally exists in Cr(III) and Cr(VI) oxidation states [4,5]. Is five hundred times that of Cr(III). Cr(VI) may cause teratogenesis, mutation, or carcinogenesis for living creatures [6] and has been chosen as a priority pollutant by the USEAP [7]. The maximum concentrations of Cr(VI) set by the Environmental Protection Agency in industrial wastewater and drinking water were 200 and 50 ug/L, respectively [8]
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