Abstract
Nickel-ruthenium alloys with various compositions have been deposited by electrodeposition for the first time. Cyclic voltammetry and linear stripping voltammetry measurements show that codeposition of nickel with ruthenium is possible below the potential value of nickel reduction. High-quality alloys containing nickel and ruthenium can be plated at cathodic potentials ranging from − 0.5 to − 1.0 V vs SCE. Deposited coatings were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The diffractograms obtained show that an increase of nickel concentration in alloy will lead to a change in the phase composition and formation of NiRu (100) and (101) phases which is observed to be 78 mas.% Ni. SEM studies confirm the surface homogeneity and presence of small, regular grains. AFM observation allows the estimation of the real surface area of obtained alloys which increase with more negative electrodeposition potentials. Ni-Ru alloys were found to be highly electroactive in the water splitting process, which can be connected with the presence of the NiRu phase and a well-developed electroactive area.Graphical Electrochemical deposition of Ni-Ru alloys with various composition and their catalytic activity in water splitting process
Highlights
Metallic nickel is of great interest for a broad range of catalytic and electrochemical applications
We studied the process of electrochemical codeposition of nickel with ruthenium from chloride solutions
The lowest potential value for the applied current density j = − 10 mA cm−2 was recorded for Ni93Ru7 alloy (− 1.16 V). This sample was deposited from the electrolyte 0.2 M L−1 Ni2+ + 0.02 M L−1 Ru3+ at − 1.0 V. This suggests that the small incorporation of Ru and Ni-Ru phases in metallic nickel allows for the enhancement of catalytic activity, which can be directly compared with pure Ru metal
Summary
Metallic nickel is of great interest for a broad range of catalytic and electrochemical applications. The situation changed when scientists realized that the corrosion resistance of commercially used electrodes can be improved by the addition of a small amount of these elements to cathode material, which affects their catalytic activity. Nowadays, based on these investigations, noble metal alloys with other elements like Co [36, 37] and Ni [38, 39] have become one of the most popular research objectives in field of electrochemistry. Deposition of alloys with even small concentrations of noble metal can drastically improve the catalytic activity in alkaline environment and achieve very good corrosion resistance under operation conditions. Dissolved oxygen from solutions was removed by purging Ar into the solution before each experiment
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