Abstract
In this work, functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were synthesized by the reaction between acylated MWCNT and 10-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (ODOPB). The obtained MWCNT-ODOPB was well dispersed into epoxy resins together with aluminum diethylphosphinate (AlPi) to form flame-retardant nanocomposites. The epoxy resin nanocomposite with phosphorus content of 1.00 wt % met UL 94 V-0 rating, exhibited LOI value of 39.5, and had a higher Tg compared to neat epoxy resin, which indicates its excellent flame retardant performance. These experimental results indicated that MWCNT-ODOPB was a compatible and efficient flame retardant for epoxy resins. Moreover, cone calorimeter analysis showed that the peak heat release rate (pHRR), total heat release (THR) values, and CO2 production profiles of the composites decreased with an increase in the additional amount of phosphorus.
Highlights
Epoxy-based composites have a wide range of applications in various industrial productions such as construction materials, encapsulation resins, metal coatings, electrical components/light emitting diodes (LEDs), high tension electrical insulators, structural adhesives, and more [1,2,3]
The results indicated a clear decrease in a peak heat release rate and a total release rate (TRR) with an increase in the phosphorus content
We present a three-step procedure, as shown in Scheme 1 to prepare flame retardant multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)-ODOPB
Summary
Epoxy-based composites have a wide range of applications in various industrial productions such as construction materials, encapsulation resins, metal coatings, electrical components/light emitting diodes (LEDs), high tension electrical insulators, structural adhesives, and more [1,2,3]. The poor flame-resistant property of epoxy-based composites severely restricts their applications [4]. New market demands have continued to promote the development of flame-retardant technology for improving thermal stability, processability, and mechanical properties [8,9]. Polymers 2020, 12, 613 groups onto outside surfaces of carbon nanotubes further diversifies their functions [15,16,17]. DOPO-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were synthesized by grafting 10-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (ODOPB). The functionalized MWCNT was used as an additive together with nano-sized aluminum diethylphosphinate (AlPi) to form fire-resistant epoxy resin composites. The ER/AlPi/MWCNT-ODOPB nanocomposites with 1 wt % phosphorus content exhibited the best UL 94 rating (V-0) and an upgraded limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 39.5. The CO2 and CO production during related tests exhibited the same trend
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