Abstract
Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan Nanoparticles "Alternatively, Carrying Potential" for Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses
Highlights
Chitosan is a natural biodegradable polysaccharide, co– polymer of N–acetyl–d–glucosamine and d–glucosamine (Onishi and Machida, 1999) obtained by the alkaline deacetylation of chitin, which is a polysaccharide found in the exoskeleton of crustaceans of marine arthropods and insects (Romoren et al, 2002)
Chitosan is available in a broad range of molecular weights and its properties can be modified by changing the degree of deacetylation and the environment of the formulation (Davis and Illum, 2003)
Diluted colloidal dispersions of nanoparticles in pure distilled water were used for size and zeta potential measurement as per the standard procedure followed at National Institute of Immunology (NII), New Delhi
Summary
Chitosan is a natural biodegradable polysaccharide, co– polymer of N–acetyl–d–glucosamine and d–glucosamine (Onishi and Machida, 1999) obtained by the alkaline deacetylation of chitin, which is a polysaccharide found in the exoskeleton of crustaceans of marine arthropods and insects (Romoren et al, 2002). Numerous studies in mice and human (Davis and Illum, 2003; Moschos et al, 2004) have demonstrated that chitosan and their soluble derivatives are effective and safe adsorption enhancers to improve nasal and peroral delivery of hydrophilic antigens such as peptide and protein drugs and heparins In these models, the absorption enhancing effect is caused by the opening of the intercellular tight junctions, thereby favouring the paracellular transport of macromolecular drugs, and by slowing down mucociliary clearance, maintaining the contact of antigen with the mucosa for a longer period of time, thereby facilitating higher drug and carrier bioavailability. We prepared chitosan nanoparticles and characterized their encapsulation efficiency, size and charges which are important factors determining the uptake of antigen by APC and development of immune responses for sustained vaccine effects
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