Abstract
In the present work, nanocomposites of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), carboxymethyl cellu- lose (CMC) and lead oxide nanoparticles (PbO2) have been prepared to use for gamma ray shielding applications. The nanocomposites have been prepared by casting technique. The lead oxide nanoparticles were added to the mixture of (PVP 55 wt.% and CMC 45 wt.%) with different concentrations are (0,1.5,3 and 4.5) wt.%. The D.C electrical conductivity and optical properties of nanocomposites were studied. The experimental results showed that the D.C electrical conductivity increases with increase the lead oxide nanoparticles concentrations. The absorbance and optical constants increase with the increase of PbO2 concentrations but the energy band gap decreases with the increase of PbO2 concentrations. The results of (polyvinyl pyrrolidone, carboxymethyl cellulose and lead oxide nanoparticles) nanocomposites application for gamma ray shielding showed that the (PVP-CMC-PbO2) nanocomposite have high linear attenuation coefficients for Cs-137 gamma ray sources.
Highlights
Nanocomposites technology has reached the stage where basic research is being applied towards material and process development, aimed at specific products or semifinished materials .A number of new products are appearing on the market; existing processes are being improved with the applications of nanocomposites technology and material [1] .”Due of nanometer size of these particles, their physicochemical characteristics differ significantly from those of molecules and bulk materials .Nanoparticle reinforced polymers, synergistically combine the properties of both the host polymer matrix and the discrete nanoparticles
The casting technique was used to prepare the (PVP-carboxymethyl cellu- lose (CMC)-PbO2) nanocomposites. ”The D.C electrical conductivity of (PVP-CMC-PbO2) nanocomposites”was measuredby determining the electrical resistance at room temperature by using the Keithley electrometer type 2400 source mater(University of Babylon, College of Basic Education, Department of Sciences) The optical properties of (PVP-CMC-PbO2) nanocomposites were measured by using UV/1800/ Shimadzu in range of wavelength (220-800) nm
That is due to the absorption of PbO2 nanoparticles as shown in figure 3 which is show the variation of absorption coefficient with photon energy for (PVP-CMC-PbO2) nanocomposites. ”In addition, the lower absorption in the UV and visible regions is due to the roughness of the surfaces that increased with increasing of concentration PbO2, caused the scattering and losing to incident intensity
Summary
Nanocomposites technology has reached the stage where basic research is being applied towards material and process development, aimed at specific products or semifinished materials .A number of new products are appearing on the market (automotive components, sport equipment, consumer goods); existing processes are being improved with the applications of nanocomposites technology and material [1] .”Due of nanometer size of these particles, their physicochemical characteristics differ significantly from those of molecules and bulk materials .Nanoparticle reinforced polymers, synergistically combine the properties of both the host polymer matrix and the discrete nanoparticles. Metals had been used as materials for electromagnetic shielding, but they have certain disadvantages such as high cost, large weight, poor adhesion, corrosion under extreme environments and poor processability" [4]
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