Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA), a typical inorganic component of bone, is a widely utilized biomaterial for bone tissue repair and regeneration due to its excellent properties. Inspired by the recent findings on the important roles of protein in biomineralization and natural structure of fish scales, keratin was chosen as a template for modulating the assembly of HA nanocrystals. A series of HA nanocrystals with different sizes were synthesized by adjusting the concentration of partially hydrolyzed keratin. The structure and compositions of the prepared HA were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectrum, and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results revealed that the size of the synthesized HA nanocrystals can be controlled by adjusting the concentration of partially hydrolyzed keratin. Specifically, the size of synthesized HA decreased from 63 ± 1.5 nm to 27 ± 0.9 nm with the increasing concentration of partially hydrolyzed keratin from 0 to 0.6g. In addition, in vitro cytocompatibility of synthesized HA nanocrystals were evaluated using the MG-63 cells.
Highlights
Hydroxyapatite (HA), with chemical composition Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, has been increasingly used in clinical applications, such as orthopedics and dentistry, due to its similarity in crystal structures and compositions to biological apatite that can be found in hard tissues such as teeth and bones [1,2]
The diffraction peaks appeared in these synthesized HA agree with those of the standard HA (JCPDS No 09-0432) [7,8], which indicated that the HA crystals have been successfully synthesized
Results revealed that grain-like morphology of HA nanocrystals was obtained in the presence of partially hydrolyzed keratin
Summary
Hydroxyapatite (HA), with chemical composition Ca10(PO4)6(OH), has been increasingly used in clinical applications, such as orthopedics and dentistry, due to its similarity in crystal structures and compositions to biological apatite that can be found in hard tissues such as teeth and bones [1,2]. Various HA with different crystal structure and morphology have been developed [3] Among these synthesized HA materials, nanostructured HA has received much attention due to their higher specific surface areas that enhance the adhesion of cells, proteins, and drugs [4]. During the mineralization process of HA crystals, macromolecules can play the predominant role in the nucleation, growth, orientation, and structure of HA crystals [6]. Among these templating agents, proteins have received much attention due to their functional groups on side chains which can chelate Ca2+ ions and form hydrogen bonding with PO43− and H2O on the surface of the minerals [7,8]
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