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Abstract
With Auricularia cornea Ehrenb polysaccharide (ACEP) as raw material, the purpose of the study was to prepare Auricularia cornea Ehrenb polysaccharide-zinc (ACEP-Zn) complex. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and other means are used to analyze the physical-chemical properties and structure of ACEP and ACEP-Zn, to investigate the inhibition of α-glycosidase and α-amylase enzymes, and to explore its effects on the glucose metabolism of insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) results show that a group of COO-, -CH3, and -OH in the sugar chain binds to Zn2+. Compared with the original polysaccharides, the surface morphology of ACEP-Zn changed obviously, and the molecular weight (Mn) of ACEP-Zn decreased, but the molecular agglomeration of ACEP-Zn increased. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of ACEP-Zn on α-glucosidase and α-amylase was stronger than that of the original polysaccharide. The results indicated that the structure of Auricularia cornea Ehrenb polysaccharide was changed obviously after the zinc complex, and its hypoglycemic activity was enhanced in vitro. In the cell experiment, the glucose consumption of IR-HepG2 cells was significantly increased at a concentration of 50–200 μg/mL ( P < 0.05 ). The activity of SOD and NOS significantly increased ( P < 0.01 ), and the activity of intracellular PK increased ( P < 0.05 ). Therefore, it was speculated that the hypoglycemic effect of Auricularia cornea Ehrenb polysaccharide combined with zinc was related to the alleviation of liver cell damage caused by oxidative stress and the improvement of glucose metabolism of IR-HepG2 cells. The study provides a theoretical basis for the application of the polysaccharide-zinc complex in the hypoglycemic functional food field.
Highlights
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), an epidemic metabolic disease characterized by postprandial hyperglycemia, has become a major global health problem, which is predicted to affect approximately 439 million people by 2030 [1, 2]
ACEP-Zn was successfully synthesized by the reaction of polysaccharide ACEP with ZnSO4. e zinc content of the ACEP-Zn complex was 5.41 ± 0.01 mg/g. e ACEP-Zn complex was synthesized under the optimum conditions: the ratio of ACEP and ZnSO4 was 10 : 8 (w/w), the pH was 5, the reaction temperature was 50°C, and the reaction time was 2.5 h
As hydrochloric acid is a strong acid, part of the polysaccharide degrades, and some of its active groups are exposed, enhancing its biological activity. e results were similar to those obtained by Wei et al [26]. rough the establishment of a HepG2 cell insulin resistance model, Wang et al explored the mechanism of hypoglycemic activity of the mulberry polysaccharide Zn complex
Summary
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), an epidemic metabolic disease characterized by postprandial hyperglycemia, has become a major global health problem, which is predicted to affect approximately 439 million people by 2030 [1, 2]. Current treatments for T2DM include insulin and its analogues, sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, exenatide, and biguanide [6] These interventions and oral drugs have the potential to have adverse effects, which are expensive. Recent studies have shown that the application of ligand-Zn is the main way, which improves the biological activity of Zn and reduces its toxicity [13, 14]. Due to their good biocompatibility, such as stability, good biodegradability, and multiple biological activities, polysaccharides can be used as excellent Zn complexes. The reported polysaccharide-Zn complex includes unb polysaccharide-zinc [10], Prunella vulgaris L. polysaccharide-zinc [11], and Dictyophora indusiata polysaccharide-zinc [12]
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