Abstract
The chitosan–copper oxide (Chi–CuO) biopolymer nanocomposites were synthesized by a simple green chemistry method using ascorbic acid as a reducing and capping agent. The intense peak around 300 nm was observed in the UV–visible spectrum indicating the formation of CuO nanoparticles. The prepared Chi–CuO nanocomposites were characterized using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). SEM and XRD pattern showed cubic shape for Chi–CuO nanocomposites with average crystalline size of 17 nm, as calculated using Debye–Scherrer’s formula. The FT-IR spectral studies showed the Cu–O bond formation with chitosan to form nanocomposites. Synthesized nanocomposites showed significant anti-microbial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Penicillium notatum, assayed using the agar well diffusion method. It also showed sporicidal activity against B. subtilis and exhibited effective biofilm-inhibitory activity against B. subtilis (69%/100 μg/mL) and P. aeruginosa (63%/100 μg/mL).Graphical abstract
Highlights
Green synthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles has attracted much attention than other nanoparticles synthesis methods such as microwave assist [1], phase transfer [2], electrochemical [3], sol–gel method and photochemical methods [4]
The synthesis of Chi–CuO nanocomposites was visually verified by the color change from blue to green and brownish-black color precipitate
The formation of Chi–CuO nanocomposites was monitored by UV–visible spectroscopy and exhibited broad absorbance peak ranging from 270 to 310 nm due to its surface plasmon resonance (SPR)
Summary
Green synthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles has attracted much attention than other nanoparticles synthesis methods such as microwave assist [1], phase transfer [2], electrochemical [3], sol–gel method and photochemical methods [4]. Anti-microbial-resistant pathogens have been increasing with great frequency. Traditional medicine and some of the therapeutic drugs could not control the infections from microbial pathogens [6]. Metal oxide nanoparticles have gained attention for treating and preventing microbial pathogens. Among the metal oxide nanoparticles, copper oxide nanoparticle (CuO) capped with biologically active molecules such as carbohydrates, vitamins and proteins are the new hope as nanoparticle agents to treat microbial pathogens [7]
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