Abstract
ABSTRACTNanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) has great potential in applications in medical and food packaging due to its abundance, high specific surface area, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and reproducibility. N‐Halamine is one of the most effective antibacterial agents, with broad‐spectrum efficacy against microorganisms, good stability, and reproducibility. Due to the nanosize effect and high specific surface area of NCC, N‐halamine‐modified NCC is potentially an excellent biocidal compound. In this paper, an N‐halamine precursor 1‐hydroxymethyl‐5,5‐dimethylhydantoin (HDH) was used to modify NCC with cyanuric chloride (cych) as the bonding agent. After chlorination, the produced NCC‐cych‐HDH‐Cl became antibacterial. The synthesized NCC‐cych‐HDH‐Cl was added to a chitosan (CS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution to prepare antibacterial films. The optimum mixing ratio of PVA and CS in the PVA/CS films and concentration of NCC‐cych‐HDH‐Cl were investigated. The surface morphologies and mechanical properties of the antibacterial films were characterized with scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and mechanical strength tests. The results indicated that the film with 90/10 PVA/CS and 7.0% loading of NCC‐cych‐HDH‐Cl exhibited excellent tensile strength. The antibacterial film with 5.91 × 1017 atoms/cm2 of active chlorine displayed an excellent antibacterial property against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) and Escherichia coli O157:H7 (ATCC 43895). © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47101.
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