Abstract
Composites of chitosan chloride and bacterial cellulose were successfully prepared by in situ method. Composites of bacterial cellulose/chitosan and pristine bacterial cellulose were investigated by means of scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, and bacteriostatic test. The crystallization of bacterial cellulose was interfered and weakened by the chitosan chloride included in the growth media, resulting in lower crystallinity index and thermal stability. And interaction between two polymers is verified by the thermal gravimetric analysis. The ultrafine nanofibril network structure of bacterial cellulose was retained by the composites, while the diameters were larger and the aperture inside were smaller than those of pristine bacterial cellulose, as shown through scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope figures. The antimicrobial effects were enhanced by the increasing concentration of chitosan in composites. All the characteristics of the composites provide evidence for the miscibility of chitosan and cellulose. Their biocompatibility is proved through our published data. It is strongly indicated that bacterial cellulose–chitosan nanocomposites have great potential in tissue engineering or pharmaceutical applications in the near future.
Highlights
Cellulose is the most abundant polymer in nature and has been widely used in paper, paint, textile, food, pharmaceutical industries, and so on
bacterial cellulose (BC) is produced by the gram-negative bacteria, typically Acetobacter xylinum, which is chemically identical to cellulose of vegetable origin,[1] while it is of high purity, free of hemicellulose and lignin
Composites of BC/chitosan and pristine BC were investigated by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), DSC, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and bacteriostatic test
Summary
Cellulose is the most abundant polymer in nature and has been widely used in paper, paint, textile, food, pharmaceutical industries, and so on. BC is produced by the gram-negative bacteria, typically Acetobacter xylinum (or Gluconacetobacter xylinum), which is chemically identical to cellulose of vegetable origin,[1] while it is of high purity, free of hemicellulose and lignin. Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology cellulose.[2,3] High purity and tremendous water holding capability add to its superior biocompatibility, which favors the use of BC in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. BC can be modified in situ by some additives to G. xylinum growth media, such as water soluble polysaccharides,[6] carbon nanotubes,[7] lignosulfonate,[8] polyaniline,[9] and so on, in terms of its morphology, crystalline index, water uptake capability,[10] and electroconductivity.[9] BC does not contain any components of animal origin which may cause allergic reactions.[11]
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