Preparation and characterization of 5-sulphosalicylic acid doped tetraethoxysilane composite ion-exchange material by sol–gel method

Abstract

In this manuscript, we report the preparation and characterization of sulphosalicylic doped tetraethoxysilane (SATEOS), composite material by sol–gel method as a new ion exchanger for the removal of Ni(II) from aqueous solution. The fine granular material was prepared by acid catalyzed condensation polymerization through sol–gel mechanism in the presence of cationic surfactant. The material has an ion exchange capacity of 0.64mequiv./g(dry) for sodium ions, 0.60mequiv./g(dry) for potassium ions, 1.84mequiv./g(dry) for magnesium ions, 1.08mequiv./g(dry) for calcium ions and 1.36mequiv./g(dry) for strontium ions. Its X-ray diffraction studies suggest that it is crystalline in nature. The material has been characterized by SEM, IR, TGA and DTG so as to identify the various functional groups and ion exchange sites present in this material. Quantum chemical computations at DFT/B3LYP/6-311G (d,p) level on model systems were performed to substantiate the structural conclusions based ion instrumental techniques. Investigations into the elution behaviour, ion exchange reversibility and distribution capacities of this material towards certain environmentally hazardous metal ions are also performed. The material shows good chemical stability towards acidic conditions and exhibits fast elution of exchangeable H+ ions under neutral conditions. This material shows remarkable selectivity for Ni(II) and on the basis of its Kd value (4×102 in 0.01M HClO4) some binary separations of Ni(II) from other metal ions are performed.