Preparation and Characterization for Antibacterial Activities of 3D Printing Polyetheretherketone Disks Coated with Various Ratios of Ampicillin and Vancomycin Salts

Ngi-Chiong Lau,Dave W Chen,Chien-Hao Chen,Kong-Wei Cheng,Min-Hua Tsai

doi:10.3390/app10010097

Ngi-Chiong Lau, Dave W Chen + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/app10010097

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Abstract

In this study, polyetheretherketone (PEEK) materials coated with various ratios of two kinds of antibiotic agents (ampicillin and/or vancomycin salts) were prepared. A modified 3D printer based on fused deposition modeling was employed to prepare PEEK disks. Coating ampicillin and/or vancomycin salts onto the PEEK disks was carried out using the biodegradable poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) polymer as a binder and a control unit for the drug release in the buffer solution. The effects of various rations of ampicillin and/or vancomycin salts in the PLGA polymer on the PEEK substrates, the release profiles of various drugs, and antibacterial activities of the samples were investigated. Temperature of the heated nozzle in a commerical 3D printer was set at 340 °C. After systemic investigations of the qualities of PEEK disks, a diameter of the heated nozzle of 0.6 mm in the 3D printer was employed for the preparation of PEEK disks. Results of drug release profiles from samples into buffer solution show that the antibacterial activities of samples can continue up to 28 days. In the inhibition zone test of samples, the release amounts of antibiotic agents from the PEEK samples can inhibit S. aureus with activity of over 40% in 30 days tests and most of them can have inhibition activities of higher than 60% during the test. These results showed that a simple and low-cost 3D printing method for the preparation of PEEK/antibiotic agents/PLGA samples can have further applications in biomedical-related technology.

Highlights

Industrial 3D printing technology has become more and more important due to its fast manufacturing time, low cost, and the un-moldable printing [1]
The results showed that the concentrations of antibiotic agents released from our samples into the buffer solution were higher than minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) 90 for Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and can continue up to 100 h
When the temperature of the heated nozzle was higher than 360 ◦ C, a coalification was observed in the PEEK sample, which indicated that the temperature of the heated nozzle had to be set at 340 ◦ C

Summary

Introduction

Industrial 3D printing technology has become more and more important due to its fast manufacturing time, low cost, and the un-moldable printing [1]. According to the report proposed by Wohlers Associates [2], industrial applications in 3D printing technology approached around. Major applications in 3D printing technology include mechanical manufacturing, aerospace industry, food, and biology-related technologies. In the applications of biology-related technology, Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 97 such as bone and tissue engineering, 3D printing technology has been employed because of the clinical requirements of orthopedic suffers [3,4,5]. In the clinical requirements of bone and tissue engineering, has been proposed in the applications of bone and tissue engineering [5,9]. PEEK is a semi-crystalline polymer with good elastic modulus (3–4 GPa), which is similar to that for human bone (7–30 GPa) [5,9]

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