Abstract
The proper selection of preparative conditions intended to favor lactam formation — mainly high chitosan and borohydride concentrations, final pH higher than 5 and slow borohydride delivery rate — allowed the preparation of 5-methyl pyrrolidinone chitosan from levulinic acid in aqueous solution. The modified chitosan was characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. In the 1H-NMR spectra, the doublet at δ = 1·22–1·25 ppm, typical for methyl pyrrolidinone, was the major feature, while in the 13C-NMR spectra signals for CH, CH 2 and CH 3 confirmed the lactam ring formation, which was revealed by the band at 1730 cm −1 in the FTIR spectra. The novel chitosan was water-soluble over an extended pH range.
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