Preparation and bone repair capability of a new plastic bone filler material

Abstract

To prepare a new plastic bone filler material with adhesive carrier and matrix particles derived from human bone, and evaluate its safety and osteoinductive ability through animal tests. The human long bones donated voluntarily were prepared into decalcified bone matrix (DBM) by crushing, cleaning, and demineralization, and then the DBM was prepared into bone matrix gelatin (BMG) by warm bath method, and the BMG and DBM were mixed to prepare the experimental group's plastic bone filler material; DBM was used as control group. Fifteen healthy male thymus-free nude mice aged 6-9 weeks were used to prepare intermuscular space between gluteus medius and gluteus maximus muscles, and all of them were implanted with experimental group materials. The animals were sacrificed at 1, 4, and 6 weeks after operation, and the ectopic osteogenic effect was evaluated by HE staining. Eight 9-month-old Japanese large-ear rabbits were selected to prepare 6-mm-diameter defects at the condyles of both hind legs, and the left and right sides were filled with the materials of the experimental group and the control group respectively. The animals were sacrificed at 12 and 26 weeks after operation, and the effect of bone defect repair were evaluated by Micro-CT and HE staining. In ectopic osteogenesis experiment, HE staining showed that a large number of chondrocytes could be observed at 1 week after operation, and obvious newly formed cartilage tissue could be observed at 4 and 6 weeks after operation. For the rabbit condyle bone filling experiment, HE staining showed that at 12 weeks after operation, part of the materials were absorbed, and new cartilage could be observed in both experimental and control groups; at 26 weeks after operation, the most of the materials were absorbed, and large amount of new bone could be observed in the 2 groups, while new bone unit structure could be observed in the experimental group. Micro-CT observation showed that the bone formation rate and area of the experimental group were better than those of the control group. The measurement of bone morphometric parameters showed that the parameters at 26 weeks after operation in both groups were significantly higher than those at 12 weeks after operation ( P<0.05). At 12 weeks after operation, the bone mineral density and bone volume fraction in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between the two groups in trabecular thickness ( P>0.05). At 26 weeks after operation, the bone mineral density of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness between the two groups ( P>0.05). The new plastic bone filler material is an excellent bone filler material with good biosafety and osteoinductive activity.