Abstract
The biocompatible surface modification of metal oxide nanoparticles via surface functionalization technique has been used as an important tool in nanotechnology and medicine. In this report, we have prepared aqueous dispersible, trivalent metal ion (samarium)-doped cerium oxide nanoparticles (SmCNPs) as model redox altered CNPs of biological relevance. SmCNP surface modified with hydrophilic biocompatible (6-{2-[2-(2-methoxy-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-hexyl) triethoxysilane (MEEETES) were prepared using ammonia-induced ethylene glycol-assisted precipitation method and were characterized using a variety of complementary characterization techniques. The chemical interaction of functional moieties with the surface of doped nanoparticle was studied using powerful 13C cross polarization magic angle sample spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results demonstrated the production of the extremely small size MEEETES surface modified doped nanoparticles with significant reduction in aggregation compared to their unmodified state. Moreover, the functional moieties had strong chemical interaction with the surface of the doped nanoparticles. The biocompatible surface modification using MEEETES should also be extended to several other transition metal ion doped and co-doped CNPs for the production of aqueous dispersible redox altered CNPs that are promising for nanobiology and medicine.
Highlights
Nanotechnology has attracted several nanomaterials for their potential applications in biology and medicine [1]
That could be an indication of a lesser degree of surface modification in MEEETES-SmCNPs compared to MEEETES-Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs)
Cerium oxide nanoparticles are well recognized as a promising antioxidant nanomedicine against
Summary
Nanotechnology has attracted several nanomaterials for their potential applications in biology and medicine [1]. Apart from the significant biological importance of pure CNPs, doping, and co-doping of CNPs with other transition metal ions has been of great interest in the development of redox altered CNPs for various nanobiological applications These redox altered CNPs have demonstrated enhanced catalytic, optical, magnetic, and luminescent properties and have been investigated for their applications in imaging and therapy [9,10,11,12,13]. Dopants were used for production of redox altered CNPs by altering the trivalent state of Ce in Ce3+/Ce4+ redox switch, keeping the oxygen vacancies almost the same [14] All these studies demonstrated a progressive importance of doped and co-doped CNPs in various nanobiological applications. The stated aim of the study was to apply the similar concept of surface modification to a trivalent metal ion (samarium)-doped CNP (SmCNP) as a model for production of aqueous dispersible redox altered CNPs of biological relevance. The surface modified doped nanoparticles were studied through a series of physicochemical characterizations
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