Abstract
Ceramics are usually composed of randomly oriented grains and intergranular phases, so their properties are the statistical average along each direction and show isotropy corresponding to the uniform microstructures. Some methods have been developed to achieve directional grain arrangement and preferred orientation growth during ceramic preparation, and then textured ceramics with anisotropic properties are obtained. Texture microstructures give particular properties to ceramics along specific directions, which can effectively expand their application fields. In this review, typical texturing techniques suitable for ceramic materials, such as hot working, magnetic alignment, and templated grain growth (TGG), are discussed. Several typical textured structural ceramics including α-Al2O3 and related nacre bioinspired ceramics, Si3N4 and SiAlON, h-BN, MB2 matrix ultra-high temperature ceramics, MAX phases and their anisotropic properties are presented.
Highlights
Since the periodicity and density of the atoms in single crystals are not identical along different directions, the physical and chemical properties of single crystals along different directions are various
Performances of materials along preferred crystal lattice orientation can be enhanced by texturing so that they can be applied to more harsh service environments [4–6]. Their slip systems can be activated at suitable temperature, and grains can be oriented by deformation, such as rolling www.springer.com/journal/40145
Deformation techniques are not suitable for texture formation of ceramics. Specific techniques, such as hot working, magnetic alignment, and templated grain growth (TGG), have been invented, which can effectively promote the preferred orientation of ceramic grains [2,22,23]
Summary
Since the periodicity and density of the atoms in single crystals are not identical along different directions, the physical and chemical properties of single crystals along different directions are various. Their slip systems can be activated at suitable temperature, and grains can be oriented by deformation, such as rolling www.springer.com/journal/40145. Subsequent heat treatment of deformed metal can result in oriented nucleation of recrystallization and preferred orientation growth [13– 17]. By appropriate deformation and heat treatment, texture degree and grain size of metals can be adjusted, and the required anisotropic properties can be obtained [18–21]. Atoms in ceramics are mainly interconnected by covalent and ionic bonds, which are strong enough to prevent plastic deformation. Deformation techniques are not suitable for texture formation of ceramics. Specific techniques, such as hot working, magnetic alignment, and templated grain growth (TGG), have been invented, which can effectively promote the preferred orientation of ceramic grains [2,22,23]
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