Preparation and Adoption of Risk Sensitive Land Use Plans in the New Federal Context of Nepal

Abstract

AbstractNepal is one of the most disaster-risk countries in the world. Increase in frequency and severity—particularly for floods, landslides, and fires and unpredictability of disaster events such as earthquake, is overwhelming Nepal’s already limited disaster risk reduction and management (DRRM) capacities and impeding sustainable development progress. Rapid urban growth fueled by migration, high levels of poverty and inequality, unplanned urban developments, climate change, and a culturally pervasive sense of fatalism are the key reasons for increased disaster risk in Nepal. Despite the increased awareness along with preparedness plans, programs, and projects on DRRM, the levels of risk continue to grow. To reduce risk, there are a number of disaster-resilient planning techniques used, among which, the Risk Sensitive Land Use Planning (RSLUP) has been regarded as an evidence-based tool to understand risk, plan and to reduce risk. In Nepal, until so far only eight RSULPs have been prepared, but its use as a planning tool is increasingly getting popular. In the new federal structure, the municipalities have been given full responsibilities for developing the policy legislations, standards for local level development plans and projects. Further, there has been tremendous growth in the generation of hazard, exposure, and vulnerability data fundamental to the preparation of RSLUPs. In this context, it is important to look at an evidence-based land use planning approach as a core element for future development in municipal governments to understand risk while undertaking land use planning, and to integrate RSLUP into the municipal planning process including sectoral plans. This chapter would focus on how to effectively enhance collaborative, participatory, and interactive approach for risk-sensitive land use planning, and fully integrate into a mandatory planning process. The research is to postulate a framework that enables collaborative, participatory, and iterative approach for the implementation of the RSLUP through integration in municipal development plan. This study will draw on past examples of RSLUP in urban municipalities in Nepal. The unique needs of vulnerable population, including socially excluded groups, will be included in RSLUPs, and activities that address risk. The developed RSLUP framework will serve as a model for other municipalities in Nepal, which is very relevant to the new federal system in the country.KeywordsNepalRisk sensitive land use planningDisaster riskUrbanMunicipalityRestructuring