Preoperative Serum hCGβ as a Prognostic Marker in Primary Fallopian Tube Carcinoma

Abstract

Objectives: It was the aim of this study to evaluate the prognostic value of the pretreatment serum concentrations of the β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCGβ), CA 125 and tumour-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) in primary fallopian tube carcinoma (PFTC). Methods: The pretreatment serum concentrations of hCGβ, CA 125 and TATI were analyzed in serum samples from 60 women with a mean age of 61 years, treated for PFTC between 1985 and 2000. Of the 91 patients treated during this period, 31 were excluded because no serum sample was available. The patients were followed-up for recurrence and survival until February 14, 2003. The prognostic value of the serum markers were compared with those of stage, grade and histological type. Results: The median survival time was 27 months and the overall 5-year survival rate 33%. Stage and size of the residual tumour (<1 vs. ≧1 cm) predicted both overall and disease-free survival (p < 0.050). Histology (serous vs. others) (p = 0.023) also influenced overall survival. Overall 5-year survival was 38% when serum hCGβ was below 3.5 pmol/l, while it was 18% when the level was higher (p = 0.052). The corresponding disease-free 5-year survival was 38 and 20%, respectively (p = 0.014). Patients with CA 125 values above 1,017 kU/l had an overall 5-year survival of 39% as compared with 14% for those with lower values (p = 0.009), while the disease-free survival was 37 and 23%, respectively (p = 0.096). Serum TATI was not a prognostic marker. Serum concentrations of hCGβ and CA 125 correlated significantly with stage (p = 0.049 and p = 0.050, respectively). In multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, only hCGβ, stage and histology emerged as independent prognostic factors. Conclusions: Clearly elevated serum concentrations of hCGβ and CA 125 predict survival in fallopian tube carcinoma, but in multivariate analyses, only hCGβ is a prognostic factor independent of stage and histology.