Preoperative radiographs to predict component malposition in direct anterior approach total hip arthroplasty.

Abstract

There is conflicting evidence as to whether or not patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) via the direct anterior approach (DAA) have increased risk of component malposition. The aim of this study was to investigate whether specific preoperative radiographic features were predictive of postoperative component malposition in DAA THA. We examined 204 THA operations performed for osteoarthritis via the DAA at a single institution. Preoperative radiographs were analysed with numerous pre-specified measurements and classifications being recorded. Postoperative radiographs were analysed to determine if any of these preoperative radiographic factors correlated with component malposition in regard to cup inclination, cup version, femoral stem coronal alignment, leg-length discrepancy (LLD) and femoral offset discrepancy. Numerous preoperative factors were associated with component malposition. Coxa profunda was found to be a significant predictor of cup anteversion being outside of the target range (p = 0.0089) and an increased centre-edge angle was a significant predictor for a postoperative LLD (p = 0.0134). A decreased neck-shaft angle (p = 0.0007) and a lower preoperative LLD (p = 0.0019) were both predictive of femoral stem coronal malalignment. Preoperative radiographs can be a valuable tool for surgeons in predicting patients at risk of component malposition in DAA THA.