Preoperative Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as an Independent Predictor of 1-Year Graft Loss and Mortality After Orthotopic Liver Transplantation

Abstract

IntroductionNeutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are low-cost and readily available inflammation markers. Previously, we revealed that the high preoperative neutrophil level is a recipient-related risk factor for the primary liver graft dysfunction (PGD), associated with a higher risk of early retransplantation or death. Here we aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of preoperative neutrophil level, as well as the NLR and PLR in predicting a 1-year outcome of the orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTx). Materials and MethodsOne hundred and thirty-four patients who underwent the OLTx between 2012 and 2017 were enrolled. Analysis included, inter alia, etiology of liver failure and preoperative blood morphology. In the statistical analysis, the logistic regression model and receiver operator characteristic analysis were applied. ResultsIn 1-year follow-up, 11% of patients died and 5% were retransplanted. Acute liver failure (ALF; odds ratio [OR] = 8.62, P = .007), autoimmune hepatitis (AIH; R = 5.25, P = .006), neutrophil level (OR = 1.23, P = .0003), MELD (OR = 1.05, P = .038), and the NLR (OR = 1.16, P = .001) were significant predictors of these detrimental outcomes. The multivariate analysis revealed etiology (AIH, P < .001 or ALF, P = .006) and NLR (P = .008) as the only independent predictors of 1-year graft loss or patient’s death. Receiver operator characteristic analysis pointed at the NLR above 5.48 as their highly sensitive and specific risk factor. The PLR was not a prognostic biomarker. ConclusionAchieved results call for further studies on the influence of the preoperative balance between systemic inflammation and immunity, expressed with the NLR on the long-term liver graft function.