Abstract
Glycemic control is critical in the perioperative setting, especially in diabetic patients. The consequences of surgical tension and anesthesia on blood sugar levels are distinct, and should be considered in order to maintain optimal glycemic control. Each stage of surgery presents its own set of challenges in terms of keeping glucose levels within the target range. Furthermore, there are some surgical conditions that necessitate specific glucose management protocols. Authors hope to highlight the most crucial factors to consider when developing a perioperative diabetic regimen, while still allowing for specific adjustments based on sound clinical judgement. Overall, by carefully managing glycemic control in perioperative patients, we may be able to reduce morbidity and mortality while improving surgical outcomes.
Highlights
Diabetes is a long-term condition characterized by the body's inability to appropriately digest blood glucose
According to a study conducted by the World Health Organization (WHO), diabetes affects an estimated 347 million individuals globally [4]
Hypoglycemia is a therapeutic concern in all diabetic patients, but it is especially prevalent in hospitalized diabetic patients due to more significant glycemic fluctuations even when the precise effect of anesthetic or surgery has yet to be determined, these states of insecurity can contribute to glucose regulation abnormalities, such as hypoglycemia
Summary
Diabetes is a long-term condition characterized by the body's inability to appropriately digest blood glucose. Diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1DM) is characterized by a deficiency in the beta cells' insulin secretion [1]. The autoimmune death of pancreatic islet b cells causes T1DM, which causes the body to lack its ability to release insulin. Because it most usually presents in childhood or adolescence, it is known as juvenile-onset diabetes. Sulfonylureas and meglitinides cause the pancreatic beta cells to release more insulin, lowering blood glucose levels. Sulfonylurea medicines such as gliburide and glimepiride are routinely prescribed, whereas meglitinides include repaglinide and nateglinide. These medicines boost anaerobic glycolysis, improve glucose uptake and utilization in muscle, and reduce glucose absorption in the intestine [18,19,20,21]
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