Abstract
BackgroundPartial nephrectomy for small renal masses (SRM) may be useful for preserving renal function, but is technically more difficult than radical nephrectomy. Cryoablation may be performed under local anesthesia. The objective of the present study is to assess the safety and therapeutic efficacy of cryoablation with lipiodol marking for SRM.MethodsCryoablation therapy was performed on 42 patients under local anesthesia. Their median age was 74 years (31–91). The median tumor diameter was 21 mm (10–42). Responses to the treatment were evaluated using modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST) by contrast-enhanced CT. In six patients (14.3%) for whom it was not possible to use contrast medium, plain CT findings were assessed according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST).ResultsTwenty-nine (69%) and five (12%) patients achieved complete responses (CR) and partial responses (PR), respectively, while four (10%) and four (10%) patients each had stable disease (SD) and progressive disease (PD) after the first course of therapy. A second course of cryoablation therapy with lipiodol marking was performed on three out of four patients with PD after the first course of therapy, and resulted in a total of 32 patients achieving CR (76%). Four (36.4%) out of 11 patients for whom lipiodol marking was not conducted had PD, whereas none of the 31 patients for whom lipiodol marking was conducted had PD. All grade complications were reported in 11 (24.4%) patients while grade 3 in two (4.4%) patients. 11 (24.4%) A significant difference was observed in postoperative hemorrhagic events in all grades (18% in patients undergoing cryoablation without lipiodol marking vs. 0% in patients undergoing cryoablation without lipiodol marking).ConclusionsAlthough further studies involving more patients are needed in order to evaluate long-term results, cryoablation therapy appears to be a useful treatment option for SRM. Preoperative marking with lipiodol was helpful for improving complication and survival rates with cryoablation.
Highlights
Partial nephrectomy for small renal masses (SRM) may be useful for preserving renal function, but is technically more difficult than radical nephrectomy
We examined the efficacy of cryoablation therapy for SRM and the usefulness of preoperative lipiodol marking
Patients Cryoablation therapy was performed on a total of 42 patients before December 2014 (Table 1)
Summary
Partial nephrectomy for small renal masses (SRM) may be useful for preserving renal function, but is technically more difficult than radical nephrectomy. Cryoablation may be performed under local anesthesia. The objective of the present study is to assess the safety and therapeutic efficacy of cryoablation with lipiodol marking for SRM. Computed tomography (CT)- or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided puncture is conducted in cryoablation therapy. One of the advantages of CT-guided puncture is that it provides a broader space for puncture than MRI-guided puncture; it is more difficult. Hongo et al BMC Urology (2017) 17:10 to recognize tumor margins with CT-guided puncture than with MRI-guided puncture. In some patients with submerged tumors or tumor margins that are difficult to recognize, marking with lipiodol is conducted prior to cryoablation therapy
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