Preoperative consolidation-to-tumor ratio and SUVmax stratify the risk of recurrence in patients undergoing limited resection for lung adenocarcinoma ≤2 cm.

Abstract

Limited resection is an increasingly utilized option for treatment of clinical stage IA lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) ≤2 cm (T1aN0M0), yet there are no validated predictive factors for postoperative recurrence. We investigated the prognostic value of preoperative consolidation/tumor (C/T) ratio [on computed tomography (CT) scan] and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) on (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (PET) scan. We retrospectively reviewed 962 consecutive patients who underwent limited resection for lung cancer at Memorial Sloan-Kettering between 2000 and 2008. Patients with available CT and PET scans were included in the analysis. C/T ratio of 25 % (in accordance with the Japan Clinical Oncology Group 0201) and SUVmax of 2.2 (cohort median) were used as cutoffs. Cumulative incidence of recurrence (CIR) was assessed. A total of 181 patients met the study inclusion criteria. Patients with a low C/T ratio (n = 15) had a significantly lower 5-year recurrence rate compared with patients with a high C/T ratio (n = 166) (5-year CIR, 0 vs. 33 %; p = 0.015), as did patients with low SUVmax (n = 86) compared with patients with high SUVmax (n = 95; 5-year CIR, 18 vs. 40 %; p = 0.002). Furthermore, within the high C/T ratio group, SUVmax further stratified risk of recurrence [5-year CIR, 22 % (low) vs. 40 % (high); p = 0.018]. With the expected increase in diagnoses of small lung ADC as a result of more widespread use of CT screening, C/T ratio and SUVmax are widely available markers that can be used to stratify the risk of recurrence among cT1aN0M0 patients after limited resection.