Abstract
Anarchism in late 19th Century and early 20th Century can only be understood if considered as a transnational network, where a small number of qualified anarchists played a liason role among the various national movements in Europe and America. The present work seeks to rescue from oblivion some important figures of that network who, although very relevant in terms of their influence as opinion makers as well as builders and interpreters of a discourse which, amplified through the press, became hegemonic, are opaque because the contacts among them, although close, were secret or, at least, discreet. The work focuses on the unknown figure of J.C. Campos, a Cuban typographer emigrated to New York, whose newspapers chronicles on the Martyrs of Chicago disseminated among the Spanish-speaking anarchist movement the justification for the strategy of terrorism (“propaganda by the deed”) and bore a decisive influence on the youngest Catalan anarchist generation, an outstanding representative of which was the printer Pedro Esteve, who became the most influential Spanish anarchist in the U.S.A. Exploring the personal transnational connections and the transatlantic circulation of the discourses helps to understand the evolution of anarchism in a period when it had a considerable public presence.
Highlights
Palabras clave: anarquismo, prensa anarquista, redes transnacionales, mártires de Chicago, propaganda por el hecho, J
Anarchism in late 19th Century and early 20th Century can only be understood if considered as a transnational network, where a small number of qualified anarchists played a liason role among the various national movements in Europe and America
A Cuban typographer emigrated to New York, whose newspapers chronicles on the Martyrs of Chicago disseminated among the Spanish-speaking anarchist movement the justification for the strategy of terrorism (“propaganda by the deed”) and bore a decisive influence on the youngest Catalan anarchist generation, an outstanding representative of which was the printer Pedro Esteve, who became the most influential Spanish anarchist in the U.S.A
Summary
La prensa desempeñó en el mundo anarquista múltiples funciones, todas ellas de enorme importancia para la organización y expansión del movimiento. La prensa anarquista influyó en mucha mayor medida de lo que pudiera hacer pensar el alto porcentaje de analfabetismo entre el proletariado, que conocía la literatura anarquista por las lecturas colectivas 4. Pero además de la labor de propaganda, educación y de socialización del obrero, los periódicos anarquistas, en permanente comunicación entre sí, cumplieron un papel de enlace, estableciendo un intenso intercambio intelectual intercontinental y tejiendo unared de militantes activos en diversos países y continentes. Las publicaciones anarquistas estaban muy atentas a las luchas que se libraban en cualquier lugar, por lejano o apartado que estuviese, y en muchas ocasiones emprendían campañas de ayuda 5; se insertaban crónicas de los corresponsales en los diversos países y había colaboraciones de autores de muy diversas procedencias que daban cuenta de la actividad anarquista de Europa y América en sus distintos contextos locales
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