Prenatal urinary concentrations of environmental phenols and birth outcomes in the mother-infant pairs of Tehran Environment and Neurodevelopmental Disorders (TEND) cohort study

Abstract

Daily exposure to environmental phenols can lead to potential undesirable effects on the health of pregnant women and fetuses. The present study is aimed to evaluate the relationship between maternal urinary concentrations of phenols in pregnancy and anthropometric birth outcomes. The studied population comprised of 189 pregnant women participating in the Tehran Environment and Neurodevelopmental Disorders (TEND) prospective cohort study, which had been ongoing since March 2016 in some hospitals and health care delivery centers in Tehran, Iran. Concentrations of bisphenol-A, triclosan, 4-nonylphenol, and parabens were determined in spot urine samples of pregnant mothers in the first trimester. Weight, length, and head circumference at birth were also extracted from the mothers' delivery files. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine the relationship between log-concentrations of phenols and birth outcomes. When we analyzed all samples regardless of neonates' gender, none of the urinary concentrations of phenols were associated with weight and length at birth. Indeed, in sex-stratified adjusted models, one log-unit increase of butylparaben was related to a 283.6 g (95% CI: 23, 544) increase in boys' birth weight. Prenatal urinary concentration of triclosan and propylparaben was respectively related to a decrease of 4.8 cm (95% C: -8.5, −1.1) in boys' length and 0.9 cm (95%CI: -1.8, −0.04) in girls’ length. In the adjusted models for estimating the changes in head circumference, one log-unit increase of triclosan, methylparaben, and butylparaben led to a reduction of 1.6 cm (95% CI: -3.17, 0.03), increase of 0.8 cm (95% CI: -0.01, 1.6) and 0.7 cm (95% CI: 0.08, 1.4) in head circumference at birth respectively. Our results suggested that prenatal triclosan and parabens exposure might be associated with head circumference at birth. Furthermore, we observed a sexually dimorphic pattern between maternal triclosan and parabens exposure during pregnancy and fetal growth. However, these findings must be interpreted while taking into account the limitations of this study.