Abstract
To study defects and chromosomal abnormalities of the fetus, we retrospectively analyzed results of comprehensive dynamic survey of 26,404 pregnant women aged 18-50 years old at 6 to 40 weeks of pregnancy. Of them, 25,956 (98.3%) women had physiological course of pregnancy, 448 (1.7%) women had abnormal pregnancy. For the diagnosis of fetal defects, we carried out ultrasound, biochemical, invasive and cytogenetic studies. The results of study showed that the majority of fetal defects and pathological course of pregnancy was noted in women at the age of 21-25 years old, since at this age period women have the highest number of pregnancies. At the older age, we noted a gradual decrease in the number of pregnant women, as well as the number of abnormalities of the fetus. Based on the analysis of the results obtained, we have developed an algorithm for early fetal ultrasound examination. In order to exclude non-developing pregnancy and intrauterine fetal death, as well as for early diagnosis of fetal defects, we recommend screening women in the first trimester of pregnancy.
Highlights
Fetal defects are combined with chromosomal abnormalities, which are often accompanied by intrauterine fetal growth retardation, amounting from 2 to 7.4% of cases [2,3,4,5,15,18,23]
Published evidence show that the sensitivity of ultrasound in prenatal diagnosis of congenital defects in early pregnancy depends on the method of ultrasound examination
There was the combination of heart defects 37.33%, the CNS defects and defects of face and neck were recorded in equal amounts to 18.67%, defects of the musculoskeletal system were detected in 10.67%, defects in the gastrointestinal tract and urinary system were in 9.33% and 5.33% of cases, respectively
Summary
In order to study fetal defects and chromosomal abnormalities, we retrospectively analyzed results of comprehensive dynamic survey of 26,404 pregnant women who had been consulted in the Republican Screening Center routinely in terms of 6 to 40 weeks of pregnancy. For the diagnosis of fetal defects, we conducted ultrasound, biochemical, invasive and cytogenetic studies. In order to measure fetometric, biometric and Doppler parameters, we first carried out primary ultrasound examination of pregnant women. In case of deviation of the above indicators from the norm, the second stage was the measurement of biochemical parameters. If we found changes of biochemical parameters, we performed the third stage invasive and cytogenetic diagnosis. Screening was performed in women aged 1850 years old, mean age of women with physiological course of pregnancy was 27 years old. The average age of women with abnormal pregnancy was 26 years old
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