Prenatal methylmercury exposure increases responding under clocked and unclocked fixed interval schedules of reinforcement

Abstract

Recent experiments have suggested that developmental methylmercury exposure produces perseverative behavior in adulthood. In the present experiment, interactions between developmental low-level methylmercury (MeHg) and nutritionally relevant dietary selenium (Se) on operant behavior and its persistence were examined in aged animals. Female rats were exposed, in utero, to 0, 0.5, or 5 ppm mercury as MeHg via drinking water, approximating mercury exposures of 0, 40, and 400 μg/kg/day. They also received both pre- and chronic post-natal exposure to a diet that was marginal (0.06 ppm) or rich (0.6 ppm) in Se, a nutrient believed to protect against MeHg's toxicity. This created a 2 (chronic Se) × 3 (gestational MeHg) full factorial design, with 6–8 female rats per cell. At eleven months of age, a multiple schedule consisting of alternating fixed interval (FI) and clocked FI (CFI) components was arranged. The CFI component was divided into 5, 24-second bins, each associated with a different auditory stimulus, providing a “clock.” Low and high response rates were evaluated using the initial 40% (bins 1 and 2) and last 20% (bin 5) of the FI and CFI components, respectively. Rats exposed to 5 ppm Hg made more responses than the other two groups during the last 20% of the intervals, regardless of selenium exposure or presence of the clock stimuli. They did not differ from the other groups during the initial 40% of the FI and CFI components. Following reinforcement omission for half of the intervals at 21 months of age, the 5 ppm Hg group continued to respond at higher rates than the other groups in both components.