Abstract
BackgroundTo explore the influences of prenatal antibiotic exposure, the intensity of prenatal and postnatal antibiotic exposure on gut microbiota of preterm infants and whether gut microbiota and drug resistant strains in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) over a defined period are related.MethodsAmong 28 preterm infants, there were two groups, the PAT (prenatal antibiotic therapy) group (12 cases), and the PAF (prenatal antibiotic free) group (12 cases). Fecal samples from both groups were collected on days 7 and 14. According to the time of prenatal and postnatal antibiotic exposure, cases were divided into two groups, H (high) group (11 cases) and L (low) group (11 cases), and fecal samples on day 14 were collected. Genomic DNA was extracted from the fecal samples and was subjected to high throughput 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the sequencing results.ResultsPrenatal and postnatal antibiotic exposure exercised influence on the early establishment of intestinal microflora of preterm infants. Bacteroidetes decreased significantly in the PAT group (p < 0.05). The number of Bifidobacterium significantly decreased in the PAT group and H group (p < 0.05). The early gut microbiota of preterm infants with prenatal and postnatal antibiotic exposure was similar to resistant bacteria in NICU during the same period.ConclusionPrenatal and postnatal antibiotic exposure may affect the composition of early gut microbiota in preterm infants. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria in NICU may play a role in reshaping the early gut microbiota of preterm infants with prenatal and postnatal antibiotic exposure.
Highlights
To explore the influences of prenatal antibiotic exposure, the intensity of prenatal and postnatal antibiotic exposure on gut microbiota of preterm infants and whether gut microbiota and drug resistant strains in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) over a defined period are related
According to whether the infants were exposed to prenatal antibiotic therapy, 28 cases were divided into two groups: PAT group and prenatal antibiotic free (PAF) control group; each group had 12 patients
Effect of prenatal antibiotic exposure on the development of gut microbiota in preterm infants In this study, there were no significant differences between the PAT and PAF groups in terms of the gestational age, birth weight, delivery mode, and feeding method (p > 0.05; Table 1)
Summary
To explore the influences of prenatal antibiotic exposure, the intensity of prenatal and postnatal antibiotic exposure on gut microbiota of preterm infants and whether gut microbiota and drug resistant strains in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) over a defined period are related. The human gastrointestinal tract contains diverse, complex, and dynamic communities of microorganisms. Most of these microorganisms are bacteria, the density of which is approximately 1013–1014 cells/g fecal matter. Gut microbiota contributes significantly to varied aspects of host health, including immunity, development, Prenatal and postnatal periods are critical for the establishment of infant gut microbiota, which is susceptible to maternal factors, delivery mode, and feeding mode [6, 7]. The effects of antibiotic exposure on the gut microbiota of preterm infants in prenatal and postnatal periods remain undefined
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