Abstract
ABSTRACTObjective: To evaluate topographic and temporal aspects of premaxillary bone and premaxillary-maxillary suture, since they are fundamental anatomical elements little explored clinically. Methods: 1,138 human dry skulls were evaluated, of which 116 (10.19%) of the specimens were children, and 1,022 (89.81%) were adults. The skulls were photographed and the percentage of premaxillary-maxillary suture opening was determined. Subsequently the data were tabulated and submitted to statistical analysis, adopting a level of significance of 5%. Results: The progression of premaxillary suture closure from birth to 12 years of age was 3.72% per year. In 100% of the skulls up to 12 years, the premaxillary-maxillary suture open in the palatal region was observed, while 6.16% of adults presented different degrees of opening. Conclusions: The premaxilla exists in an independent way within the maxillary complex and the presence of the premaxilla-maxillary suture justifies the success of anteroposterior expansions to stimulate the growth of the middle third of the face, solving anatomical and functional problems.
Highlights
The premaxilla and the upper lip are formed between the fourth and seventh weeks of intrauterine life[1,2]
The premaxilla begins to ossify at this stage,[5] and the center of ossification is separate from the actual maxilla.[6]
According to data for the skulls in the zero-to-12 years group and using the line equation and age in years, we found a projection of premaxillary-maxillary suture closure of 3.72% per year
Summary
The premaxilla and the upper lip are formed between the fourth and seventh weeks of intrauterine life[1,2]. The embryo’s head elevates and no longer touches the cardiac prominence.[3] The mandible grows, which creates room for the tongue to move down, at the same time that the palatine processes proliferate and elevate toward midline in a hinge movement,[4] to join and form the secondary palate[1,2] after leveling. Around the seventh month of intrauterine life, there is a change in blood supply to the face at a critical time for the development of the face and the palate. The premaxilla begins to ossify at this stage,[5] and the center of ossification is separate from the actual maxilla.[6] In the anterior region, it levels with the primary palate, preserving the incisive foramen and canal in the midline, which are derived from the primary and secondary palates and contain vessels, nerves, glands and segments or remnants of the nasopalatine duct.[7]
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