Abstract
The introduction of modern technologies and the widespread use of intensive care in neonatology have led to an increase in the survival rate of children, who were born deeply premature with a low, very low, and extremely low body weight. The purpose of the study: evaluation of the peculiarities of neuropsychic development and the frequency of occurrence of neuropsychiatric disorders by the age of 5-8 years in children, who were born deeply premature with extremely low, very low, and low body weight in comparison with healthy peers. We examined 122 patients aged from 5 years 0 months to 8 years 0 months, 36 were born with very low body weight, 36 with extremely low body weight, 50 with low body weight, and 30 children were included into the control group. To assess the main complaints in patients, a structured questionnaire for parents was used. To study emotional and behavioral disorders in children, T.Achenbach’s structured questionnaire for the parents was used. Results and discussion. Data from the T.Achenbach’s parents’ questionnaire indicated significantly more expressed and pronounced manifestations of isolation, psychosomatic disorders, anxiety, problems of socialization and thinking, attention disorders, problems of behavior and aggressiveness in the examined children. In the groups of the examined patients, compared with peers, were significantly higher scores on the scales of “Internalizing manifestations” and “Externalizing manifestations”. It was shown that profound prematurity and birth with extremely low, very low and low body weight are important predisposing factors for the neurodevelopmental disorders in children: autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, developmental dyspraxia, specific learning difficulties. Early diagnosis of these conditions determines the effectiveness of therapeutic measures with the need of individual approach and comprehensive medical-psychological-pedagogical support.
Highlights
We examined 122 patients aged from 5 years 0 months to 8 years 0 months, 36 were born with very low body weight, 36 with extremely low body weight, 50 with low body weight, and 30 children were included into the control group
Age and gender distribution of patients born with low birth weight (LBW), very low birth weight (VLBW) and extremely low birth weight (ELBW)
Психосоматические проблемы чаще всего наблюдались в группе детей, рожденных с экстремально низкой массой тела, – 15 (41,7%), по сравнению с детьми с очень низкой массой и низкой массой тела – 8 (22,2%) и 10 (20%) детей соответственно
Summary
Дети с нарушениями нервно-психического развития составляют значительную часть пациентов педиатра, детского невролога и психиатра [1]. Среди факторов риска различных форм нарушений нервно-психического развития особое внимание специалистов привлекают недоношенность и низкая масса тела при рождении, поскольку частота преждевременных родов растет почти во всех странах и ежегодно в мире 15 млн детей рождаются раньше срока [2]. Внедрение современных технологий и широкое использование методов интенсивной терапии в неонатологии привели к увеличению выживаемости детей, родившихся недоношенными с низкой массой тела – 2499–1500 г, очень низкой массой тела – 1000–1499 г, экстремально низкой массой тела – 500–999 г. Формирование этих нарушений связано с ранними поражениями ЦНС, а также с тем обстоятельством, что у недоношенных важные процессы развития ЦНС происходят не внутриутробно, а в сложных условия постнатальной адаптации. Цель исследования: оценка особенностей нервнопсихического развития и частоты встречаемости его нарушений к возрасту 5-8 лет у детей, родившихся недоношенными с экстремально низкой, очень низкой и низкой массой тела, в сравнении со здоровыми ровесниками
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