Premature preoperative discontinuation of antiplatelet drug therapy in cardiovascular risk patients: a preliminary study on the role of P2Y12 receptor monitoring

Abstract

In high-bleeding risk procedures, discontinuation of antiplatelet drug therapy with clopidogrel may be requested by surgeons, usually 7-10 days before the surgical procedure. New platelet function tests, such as the vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein phosphorylation assay, may help to assess the perioperative status of the clopidogrel-specific P2Y12 receptor. Using vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein phosphorylation assay, the platelet reactivity index (PRI) was measured in 80 individuals, including 20 healthy volunteers, 20 cardiologic patients under full antiplatelet drug therapy with clopidogrel and aspirin, 20 surgical patients without any antiplatelet drugs and 20 patients under clopidogrel, discontinued 7 days before the surgical procedure. The mean PRI (95% confidence interval) in healthy volunteers was 86 (82-89%) and that in the surgical control group was 77% (72-81%). In cardiologic patients under full antiplatelet therapy, mean PRI was 51% (42-60%). In the clopidogrel discontinuation group, PRI increased from 51% (40-62%) on day 0 to 65% (57-74%) on day 3 and to 76% (69-84%) on day 5. On the morning of surgery, mean PRI was 85% (80-91%). The PRI values on the 5th day were equivalent to those of the surgical control group (mean difference -0.4%, 95% confidence interval -8.6% to 7.8%, P = 0.9). Fifty-five percent of the patients in the discontinuation group had a PRI of more than 50% on day 0. The study using vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein phosphorylation assay, one of the new platelet function assays for the assessment of inhibition of platelet P2Y12 receptor, demonstrates that the PRI on day 5 after discontinuation of clopidogrel is equivalent to a surgical control group and it questions the rigid practice of delaying surgery for 7-10 days, particularly in patients without a clopidogrel effect.