Abstract
Air lime mortars with addition of two types of sesame cooking oil were synthesized and cured in two different conditions: laboratory and natural climatic conditions of the Pasargadae and Persepolis World Heritage Sites. For the mortars cured in the laboratory, addition of oils in the mortar induced hydrophobic effects, but it adversely affected on permeability values and carbonation rates. However, the air lime mortars cured in the site conditions demonstrated increment in their hydrophobicity and superficial durability without retarding their setting time and adverse effects on their calcium carbonate formation values, due to various climatic parameters existing in natural outdoor conditions.
Highlights
In the recent decades, conservation of the built heritage by compatible materials has become an important issue [1]
The addition of sesame cooking oils in air lime mortars led to considerable hydrophobic effects such as reductions in water absorption values: 71–72% reduction when mortars were cured in laboratory and 88–93% reduction when the mortars were cured in the site conditions
Restoration sustainability and feasibility in historical developing countries is dependent on availability of main component of the restorative mortars in these zones
Summary
Conservation of the built heritage by compatible materials has become an important issue [1]. In conservation of built environment, repointing mortars are among the most important applications, as they protect the masonry in facing environmental threats [2]. Compatibility of lime-based mortars with many historical masonries has been discussed and confirmed by modern studies, thanks to their moderate stiffness and high permeability [3,4,5]. Addition of organics as historical and modern solutions have been carried out to improve the reaction of lime mortars toward water and water vapor. Enhancement of lime mortars in terms of hydric properties were almost always concluded when oils were added in the mixes, in both historical solutions and modern studies [9,10,11]. Many studies concentrated on the mortars cured in laboratory conditions, while increment of climatic parameters in in-situ conditions might occur considerable alterations in the results
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