Abstract
This work reports the self-organization of dimple nanostructures on a polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) surface where an Ar ion beam was irradiated at an ion energy of 600 eV. The peak-to-peak roughness and diameter of dimple nanostructures were 29.1~53.4 nm and 63.4~77.6 nm, respectively. The electron energy loss spectrum at the peaks and troughs of dimples showed similar C=C, C=O, and O=CH bonding statuses. In addition, wide-angle X-ray scattering showed that Ar ion beam irradiation did not induce crystallization of the PEN surface. That meant that the self-organization on the PEN surface could be due to the ion-induced surface instability of the amorphous layer and not due to the partial crystallinity differences of the peaks and valleys. A nonlinear continuum model described surface instability due to Ar ion-induced sputtering. The Kuramoto–Sivashinsky model reproduced the dimple morphologies numerically, which was similar to the experimentally observed dimple patterns. This preliminary validation showed the possibility that the continuum equation used for metal and semiconductor surfaces could be applied to polymer surfaces where ion beam sputtering occurred.
Highlights
Since the self-organization of nano-dots by ion beam sputtering was introduced by Facsko, diverse nano-structures have been fabricated by ion beam sputtering on semiconductor surfaces [1,2,3]
We reported that dimple nanostructures were obtained by 1 keV oxygen ion beam treatments on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) surfaces [11]
The comparison of the KS model and the dimple pattern showed the validity of applying the continuum model to the self-organization of a polymer surface using ion beam irradiation
Summary
Since the self-organization of nano-dots by ion beam sputtering was introduced by Facsko, diverse nano-structures have been fabricated by ion beam sputtering on semiconductor surfaces [1,2,3]. The similarity between experimentally observed surface morphology and theoretical calculation showed the possibility of exact prediction for self-organization by ion beam sputtering. Nano-dots, ripples, and dimples on polymer substrates have been observed in surface treatments using ion beam irradiations. Polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) surfaces irradiated by an Ar ion beam showed dimple patterns, which resembled the patterns calculated by the continuum equation, especially the Kuramoto–Sivashinsky (KS) model [9]. This similarity implied the possibility of applying the continuum equation to describe the self-organization of polymer surfaces by noble gas ion beam sputtering. A nonlinear continuum equation was solved by MATLABTM software and compared to the dimple patterns obtained by Ar ion beam irradiation
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