Abstract
We study the influence of various modes of preliminary thermomechanical loading (warm prestressing) on the brittle-fracture resistance of heat-resistant pressure-vessel reactor steels with different levels of embrittlement induced by thermal treatment. The tests were performed on specimens 25, 50, and 150 mm in thickness with short and long cracks of various shapes in the temperature range 293–623 K, corresponding to the service temperatures of these types of steel. We analyzed the contributions of different mechanisms (such as residual stresses, strain hardening, and crack-tip blunting) to an increase in the brittle-fracture resistance of the investigated types of steel subjected to warm prestressing, the stability of the positive effect of warm prestressing for various times of holding of these metals under different working loads and at different temperatures, and the influence of the sizes of specimens on the optimal modes of warm prestressing and the characteristics of brittle-fracture resistance of steels after thermomechanical treatment. We propose an approach to the prediction of the influence of the modes of thermomechanical treatment on the behavior of the brittle-fracture resistance of cracked steels.
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