Abstract
AbstractSuccessful management of desalination plants should incorporate integrated processing of seawater feed and brines. An integrated 20,000 m3/d zero desalination discharge (ZDD) facility, merging desalination and salt recovery, has been developed incorporating both membrane and thermal processes. Chemically pretreated seawater has been directed to nanofiltration (NF) separator for almost complete removal of divalent salts. NF brine loaded with magnesium has received further concentration by multiple effect evaporator and the reject obtained from reverse osmosis (RO) processing of NF permeate has been further directed to state-of-the-art ion selective electrodialysis (ED) to enable downstream production of magnesium and sodium salts. The material balance of the developed integrated desalination/salt recovery ZDD facility enabled total water recovery of about 70%. The average product salinity after mixing approached 74 mg/l. The total amount of recovered raw magnesium, calcium and sodium chloride salts...
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