Abstract

Particles of soot from forest fires are transported by the wind, reaching distant locations and being deposited on the soil through precipitation, which clears the atmosphere, taking suspended particulate matter into its drops. The general circulation over South America indicates the possibility of soot from forest fires in the Amazon and Pantanal to be transported to southern Brazil. The event called “black rain” was observed in the period from 11 to 13 September 2020 at São Francisco de Assis City, in Rio Grande do Sul State (RS), and so this work aims to analyze if there were any anomalies of the flow that favored the occurrence of this event, given that there was a large number of fires in this period. Through ERA5 reanalysis data and GOES-16 satellite images, it was observed that on the three days under study low-level flow to the south of Brazil was more intense than normal, with the Low Level Jet occurrences, and on days 12 and 13 such flow to the south was also observed at 500 hPa. The precipitation was due to the instability of an extended trough from the Northwestern Argentinean Low. Thus, it is believed that there was a contribution from circulation at low and mid levels in the occurrence of black rain over RS. Estudo preliminar sobre o caso da chuva negra no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil: um ponto de vista sinóticoR E S U M OAs partículas de fuligem originadas de queimadas são transportadas pelo vento e podem atingir localidades distantes e serem depositadas no solo através da precipitação, que realiza uma limpeza na atmosfera, levando em suas gotas o material particulado suspenso. A circulação geral sobre a América do Sul indica a possibilidade de fuligem das queimadas da Amazônia e Pantanal serem transportadas para o sul do Brasil. O evento denominado de “chuva escura” foi observado no período de 11 a 13 de setembro de 2020 no município de São Francisco de Assis, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS), e assim este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar se houve alguma anomalia do escoamento que favoreceu a ocorrência deste evento, haja vista que ocorreu um grande número de queimadas no período em questão. Por meio de dados de reanálise do ERA5 e imagens de satélite do GOES-16, observou-se que nos três dias em estudo o escoamento em baixos níveis para o sul do Brasil esteve mais intenso que o normal, inclusive com a ocorrência de Jato de Baixos Níveis, e nos dias 12 e 13 tal escoamento para sul também foi observado em níveis médios. A precipitação foi oriunda da instabilidade de um cavado estendido da Baixa do Noroeste Argentino. Desta forma, acredita-se que houve contribuição da circulação em baixos e médios níveis na ocorrência de chuva escura sobre o RS.Palavras-chave: Queimadas, Amazônia, Pantanal, ERA5, BNOA, JBN.

Highlights

  • Located in the central region of SouthAmerica, in Brazil, Paraguay and Bolivia, the Pantanal biome is the largest tropical seasonal floodplain on the planet, occupying 1.6% of the Brazilian territory, about 150.355 km2

  • As Pantanal, the Amazon has been suffering from the increase in deforestation and fires rates that have become more frequent, which are directly related to the process of deforestation, management of agricultural and livestock areas (Aragão et al, 2016; Arima et al, 2016; Copertino et al, 2019; Fuchs, 2020)

  • According to the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE) database for the period from 10 to 13 September 2020, 16097 burned areas were found on the Pantanal and 28461 on the Amazon, representing, respectively, 19.32% and 34.16% of all forest fires in South America in that period

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Summary

Introduction

Located in the central region of SouthAmerica, in Brazil, Paraguay and Bolivia, the Pantanal biome is the largest tropical seasonal floodplain on the planet, occupying 1.6% of the Brazilian territory, about 150.355 km. In addition to its ecological and socioeconomic importance, the biome has a vast biodiversity and peculiar hydrological regime, which makes it the object of studies of works that aim to know and protect its biodiversity (Moraes et al, 2013; Santos et al, 2016; Miranda et al, 2018a; Viganó et al, 2018a; Mendes et al, 2019; Rosseto et al, 2020) Even though it is one of the most preserved ecosystems in Brazil, the Pantanal biome has suffered more and more due to anthropogenic action, mainly the practices of deforestation and burning of biomass for the purpose of a more ostensible agriculture (Araújo and Silva, 2015; Ferreira et al, 2020). As Pantanal, the Amazon has been suffering from the increase in deforestation and fires rates that have become more frequent, which are directly related to the process of deforestation, management of agricultural and livestock areas (Aragão et al, 2016; Arima et al, 2016; Copertino et al, 2019; Fuchs, 2020)

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