Preliminary Study of the Use of Root with Sedline® EEG Monitoring for Assessment of Anesthesia Depth in 6 Horses

Olga Drewnowska,Charles E Short,Barbara Lisowska,Bernard Turek

doi:10.3390/app10031050

Abstract

Management of equine anesthesia monitoring is still a challenge. Careful monitoring to provide guidelines for anesthesia depth assessment currently relies upon eye signs, cardiopulmonary responses, and the level of muscle relaxation. Electroencephalography, as a non-invasive brain activity monitor, may be used to complement the routinely monitored physiologic parameters. Six horses, undergoing various surgical procedures and anesthesia protocols, were monitored with the use of a Root with Sedline EEG monitor and a routine monitor of life parameters. The life parameters were compared to the changes on the EEG density spectral array observed live during anesthesia. During all procedures the level of awareness was monitored using the EEG, with higher frequency and power of waves indicating a higher level of awareness. It was evident from this that there were variations according to the type of procedure and the anesthetic protocol. Cerebral activity was elevated during painful moments of the surgery and recovery, requiring adjustments in anesthetic concentrations. Evaluation of changes in the spectral edge frequency (SEF) could show the periods when the patient is stabilized. EEG monitoring has the potential to be used in clinical anesthesiology of horses. It was shown that this system may be used in horses under general anesthesia but is currently less effective in a standing horse for diagnostic or minor procedures.

Highlights

Assessment of adequate depth of anesthesia in equine patients during general anesthesia protocols, especially with the use of balanced anesthesia that combines inhalation and intravenous drugs, is stillAppl
Electroencephalography is known as a non-invasive technique of measuring the electrical potential and, the awareness of the Central Neurological System [1,2]
During all procedures it was clearly demonstrated that the levels of awareness, as illustrated by the high frequency and power of the waves shown by the EEG, were different according to the Explanation of of reading reading the the results results on on Root

Summary

Introduction

Assessment of adequate depth of anesthesia in equine patients during general anesthesia protocols, especially with the use of balanced anesthesia that combines inhalation and intravenous drugs, is stillAppl. Electroencephalography is known as a non-invasive technique of measuring the electrical potential and, the awareness of the Central Neurological System [1,2]. In horses, it has been used primarily in studies concerning sleep and neurological disorders [3,4,5]. These, did not investigate intraoperative analysis of the raw EEG wave. The most interesting for the equine practitioner might be the recording of the spectral edge frequency of EEG waves for the left and right hemisphere. The presence of waves of a certain frequency reflects the awareness; the main rule describes the lowest awareness with a presence of low-frequency waves [13,19,20]

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