Abstract
BackgroundThe Southampton Hand Assessment Procedure (SHAP) is currently used in the adult population for evaluating the functionality of impaired or prosthetic hands. The SHAP cannot be used for children because of the relatively larger size of the objects used to perform SHAP tasks and unknown clinimetric properties. The aims of this study were to adapt the SHAP for use in children (SHAP-C), to determine norm values for the SHAP-C, and to analyze the reliability of the SHAP-C.MethodsThe SHAP-C was adapted based on the SHAP protocol. Some objects were downsized, and the timing of tasks was performed by the rater instead of the participant. Intra- and inter-rater reliability were assessed in 24 children (5 [0.54] y/o) with unimpaired hands. The repeatability coefficients (RCs) were calculated. An RC ≤ 75% of the mean SHAP-C task values was considered good reliability.ResultsParticipants were able to perform all SHAP-C tasks. The means of the SHAP-C tasks ranged from 0.75 to 1.21 seconds for abstract objects and from 0.64-19.13 seconds for activities of daily living. The RCs of a single assessor did not exceed 75% in 17/26 SHAP-C tasks, displaying a relatively good intra-rater reliability, whereas the RCs for the inter-rater reliability exceeded 75% in 22/26 SHAP-C tasks, thus displaying poor reliability.ConclusionIn this first study that adjusted the SHAP for pediatric use, we found that all SHAP-C objects and tasks could be performed by children. The intra-rater reliability was better than the inter-rater reliability. Although the SHAP-C appears to be a promising instrument, the protocol requires further modifications to provide reliable measurements in children.
Highlights
The Southampton Hand Assessment Procedure (SHAP) is currently used in the adult population for evaluating the functionality of impaired or prosthetic hands
SHAP for use in children (SHAP-C) feasibility and task means All children were able to grip the resized objects with their hand
Girls were slower than boys in five SHAP-C tasks: light extension (P = 0.006), heavy lateral (P = 0.012), heavy extension (P = 0.018), pour water from jug (P = 0.044) and open/ close a zipper (P = 0.007, Table 2)
Summary
The Southampton Hand Assessment Procedure (SHAP) is currently used in the adult population for evaluating the functionality of impaired or prosthetic hands. The Assessment of Capacity for Myoelectric Control (ACMC) evaluates functioning with a prosthesis, the University of New Brunswick Test (UNB) focuses on bimanual functioning, and the Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA) evaluates the role of the impaired hand as assisting hand for the unimpaired hand [16,17,18]. These measurement instruments are recommended for clinical use. Such a broadapplicability instrument would enable comparison of the functionality scores of different impairments of pediatric hands with regard to unimpaired hand functioning
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