Abstract
In automated vehicles, drivers are only required to input high-level control commands. The conventional driver-vehicle interfaces (DVIs) such as steering wheel and pedals that function in operational level may not be utilized in higher levels of automation. A DVI that allows the driver to input tactical-level control commands, .e.g., lane change, by easily understanding a situation, would be potentially required for automated vehicles. We thus propose tactical-level-interaction (TLI) for lateral and longitudinal controlling of highly automated vehicles. In this study, we developed a touchscreen-based DVI that allows the driver to use touch gestures to input tactical control commands. The screen displays an augmented map including the ego vehicle rendered from the top view. The driver can instantly input a set of lateral commands by location-based TLI, e.g., lane changing, by designating a desired location on the map, e.g., lane, by double tapping and swiping. We performed experiments using a simulator to evaluate TLI compared with the operational- (OLI) and strategical-level interaction (SLI). The results show that TLI offers both the flexibility of OLI as well as comfort of SLI, and drivers prefer to use all three interaction methods depending on the driving environment.
Highlights
VEHICLES equipped with automated driving systems are radically changing the fundamentals of the driver-vehicle relationship
We found that TLI had less workload in all subscales over operational-level interaction (OLI), and in mental and performance over strategical-level interaction (SLI)
As one of the forms of future driver-vehicle interfaces (DVIs) for highly-automated vehicles, in this study, we proposed a tactical-level-input (TLI) method and developed a touchscreen interface that allows the driver to understand a situation and instantly input a control command for vehicles with automated driving systems
Summary
VEHICLES equipped with automated driving systems are radically changing the fundamentals of the driver-vehicle relationship. With increasing automated features available in passenger vehicles such as highway autopilot [1], traffic-jam assist [2], automated valet parking [3], automated lane change [4], scene understanding [5], [6], path planning [7], [8], and so on, the tasks and roles of the driver are reshaped and redefined. No Driver Partial Condi- High Full assistance tional. Driver Driver Driver Driver* System System Driving task Control Inputs Operational
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